生態旅遊課程之分析與設計

Abstract

生態旅遊在旅遊市場中快速的成長，為近年來許多國家與地區積極推動低衝擊的旅遊方式。為培育符合社會需求的人才，政府積極鼓勵各大專技職院校設置相關學程及系所，因此有越來越多的學校成立生態旅遊課程。完善的生態旅遊課程應注重理論與實務的平衡，才能真正落實生態旅遊的內涵。本研究主要目的為分析國內外生態旅遊課程和設計適合台灣發展的生態旅遊課程。本研究採用內容分析法分析國內外生態旅遊課程之課程架構，結果顯示台灣的生態旅遊課程與學校類型、學校資源和教學目標有關，國外生態旅遊課程以澳洲多樣化的課程模組設計最為完善；另採用德懷術研究法，調查台灣專家學者對於生態旅遊基本原則和課程設計的看法，結果呈現專家學者群的共識如下：台灣發展生態旅遊最重要的基本原則為須永續發展和須具有環境教育的意義，課程設計則依循此原則設計；台灣設計生態旅遊課程時，重要必修的課程為生態旅遊概論、生物多樣性、生態學概論、保育生物學概論、臺灣生物概論、導覽解說理論與實務等。本研究的結果可做為台灣發展生態旅遊課程設計參考。Ecotourism is the low environmental impact traveling style, encouraged to popularize by many countries and area, and it rapidly grows around the global tourist market. Both theoretical and practical training is necessary to carry out the real concept of ecotourism. In order to raise talented personnel for the society demands, many schools and institutes around the world establish ecotourism-related curricula. The objectives of the study were twofold and the related methods were as follows: first, content analysis was the methodology to make comparisons on the content framework, and objective of the ecotourism curricula between Taiwan and other countries or areas. The framework of ecotourism curricula of Taiwan were related to the type and resources of school and curriculum standard. However, Australia's ecotourism curricula modules were more diversified and more completed than other countries or areas; second, Delphi Technique was another method to investigate expert opinions in the basic principles of ecotourism and related curriculum designs. The experts agreed that the most important basic principles of Taiwan’s ecotourism were “ecotourism should be sustainable development” and “ecotourism should have the meaning of environmental education.” In accordance with the principles, the compulsory courses of ecotourism curriculum in universities were " Ecology ", " Biological Diversity ", " Conservation Biology "," Introduction to Ecotourism " and " Theory and practice in interpretation ". The overall results could provide useful references for the future courses development and further ecotourism curriculum designs.