CIA2 蛋白質調控TOC33 基因表現的機制
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2010
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植物葉綠體的蛋白質主要是由細胞核中的基因轉錄轉譯後，經由轉運蛋白機組(Toc/Tic complex)，送入葉綠體當中。在阿拉伯芥的研究中，Toc33 對於調控葉綠體發育扮演著重要的角色，因為它位於葉綠體外膜上，負責辨識與協助光合作用相關的蛋白質轉送入葉綠體內。然而，關於TOC33 基因表現的調控機制目前仍尚未明瞭。我們於先前研究中發現一個獨特的轉錄因子CIA2 (chloroplast import apparatus 2)，能在葉子中專一性地增加TOC33 基因表現量。為了要進一步了解CIA2 蛋白質與其他的核蛋白調節TOC33 基因表現的機制，我們以基因轉殖系統研究TOC33 啟動子的功能性區域。從轉殖植物偵測報導基因的表現量以及酵素活性發現TOC33 五端未轉譯區域中的第一內插子可能會影響CIA2 蛋白質調控TOC33 基因表現。以啟動子刪除分析(promoter deletion)指出在-616 到-517 之間可能具有與CIA2 蛋白質相關的正向調節因子而在-710 到-616 之間則可能具有其他核蛋白所調控的正向調節因子。這些研究不只可以了解CIA2 蛋白質與其他核蛋白影響TOC33 基因表現的調節機制，更可以了解葉綠體發育的調控過程。
The majority of the chloroplastic proteins are encoded by nuclear genome and then imported into chloroplasts via Toc/Tic complex (translocon at the outer/inner envelope membrane of chloroplast). In Arabidopsis thaliana, Toc33 plays an important role in regulating chloroplast development because it predominantly recognizes and assists the translocation of the photosynthesis-related proteins on chloroplast membranes. However, the regulatory mechanism of TOC33 expression remains unclear so far. We have previously characterized a transcription factor, CIA2 (chloroplast import apparatus 2), which specifically up-regulate the TOC33 in leaves. To further understand how CIA2 and other nuclear proteins regulate the expression of TOC33 gene, the function of TOC33 promoter sequence are analyzed in detail by stable and transient assays. Quantitative RT-PCR and activity assay of reporter gene suggest that the upregulatory efficiency of TOC33 gene expression by CIA2 is affected by the 1st intron in the 5’UTR of TOC33. Furthermore, 5’ promoter deletion reveals that two regulatory regions in TOC33 promoter sequences, 33CAE1 (located on -710 to -616) and 33CAE2 (located on -616 to -517). 33CAE1 and 33CAE2 are putative nuclear proteins and CIA2 binding sites, respectively. These results not only reveal the molecular mechanism how CIA2 and other nuclear proteins modulate TOC33 expression, but also provide more understanding of the regulatory processes during chloroplast development.
The majority of the chloroplastic proteins are encoded by nuclear genome and then imported into chloroplasts via Toc/Tic complex (translocon at the outer/inner envelope membrane of chloroplast). In Arabidopsis thaliana, Toc33 plays an important role in regulating chloroplast development because it predominantly recognizes and assists the translocation of the photosynthesis-related proteins on chloroplast membranes. However, the regulatory mechanism of TOC33 expression remains unclear so far. We have previously characterized a transcription factor, CIA2 (chloroplast import apparatus 2), which specifically up-regulate the TOC33 in leaves. To further understand how CIA2 and other nuclear proteins regulate the expression of TOC33 gene, the function of TOC33 promoter sequence are analyzed in detail by stable and transient assays. Quantitative RT-PCR and activity assay of reporter gene suggest that the upregulatory efficiency of TOC33 gene expression by CIA2 is affected by the 1st intron in the 5’UTR of TOC33. Furthermore, 5’ promoter deletion reveals that two regulatory regions in TOC33 promoter sequences, 33CAE1 (located on -710 to -616) and 33CAE2 (located on -616 to -517). 33CAE1 and 33CAE2 are putative nuclear proteins and CIA2 binding sites, respectively. These results not only reveal the molecular mechanism how CIA2 and other nuclear proteins modulate TOC33 expression, but also provide more understanding of the regulatory processes during chloroplast development.
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轉運蛋白, 葉綠體發育, 轉錄因子, CIA2, TOC33, chloroplast development