少女養成計畫：以《小公主》四種中譯本的操縱策略為例

Abstract

台灣自1950年代起發行許多為兒童改寫的世界名著，並彙編成冊，廣受好評。這些套書在書序、版權頁都有署名改寫者的身分，但實際上並不是由改寫者從英文的原著「改寫」成中文的兒童讀物，而是從改寫自英文原著的日文出版品再「翻譯」而來。也就是說，所謂的「改寫者」其實是「譯者」。時至今日，出版社與譯者大多仍未承認日文改寫本的存在，以為台灣兒童讀本與原著的差異皆是改寫者所為。

有鑑於此，本研究以歐美少女文學經典《小公主》（A Little Princess）為例，為東方出版社「東方少年文庫」（1953）、「世界少年文學選集」（1971）與大眾書局「世界幼年文學」（1977）和聯廣圖書「世界名作童話精選」（1985）出版的中譯本溯源，確認各自依據的日文改寫本，並剖析日文改寫本與中文譯本對英文原著的操縱，以及操縱背後的意識形態。

研究結果發現，四部中譯本都幾乎沿用了日文改寫本的所有操縱，包括增強戲劇效果、置入教化目的、美化主角形象及醜化與弱化配角形象。以操縱幅度來說，あかね書房版/東方少年文庫版減譯最多，講談社版/東方世界少年文學選集版增譯最多，但東方世界少年文學選集版又比講談社版更強調少女教養。另外，偕成社版/大眾版與ポプラ社/聯廣版雖保留更多原著細節，對主角形象仍嚴守把關，一律刪減負面言行，並控管幻想內容。In the 1950s, Taiwan began publishing world literature and adapting them for children. Many of the stories were organized into collections and received positive reception. These books claim to be written by Taiwanese adaptors, but they were not adapted based on the English originals. They were, in fact, translated based on the Japanese adaptations. In other words, the “adaptors” of the Taiwanese versions were actually translators.

This research compares the different Taiwanese versions of A Little Princess that were translated into Chinese, including the version in Dongfang Shaonian Wenku (Dongfang’s Literature Collection for Young Readers) and Shijie Shaonian Wenxue Xuanji (The Anthology of World Literature for Young Readers) published by Dongfang in 1953 and 1971, respectively, Shijie Younian Wenxue (World Children’s Literature) published by Dazhong in 1977, and Shijie Mingzuo Tonghua Jingxuan (A Selection of World-Famous Children’s Stories) published by Lianguang in 1985 and the Japanese adaptations they were based on. The Chinese translations and Japanese adaptations are analyzed to reveal the manipulation of the English original and the ideology behind revisions that were made.

This study shows that the four translations transferred almost all of the manipulations in the Japanese versions, including increased dramatization, content aimed at indoctrination, embellishment of the main character’s image, and the amplification of bad traits and deemphasis of good traits of supporting characters. In terms of the degree of manipulation, the Akaneshobo/Dongfang Shaonian Wenku version contains the most omissions, whereas the Kodansha/Dongfang’s Shijie Shaonian Wenxue Xuanji version contains the most additions. However, the latter version puts more emphasis on indoctrinating girls. Although the Kaiseisha/Dazhong and Poplar/Lianguang versions retain more details from the original English version, the main character’s positive image was strictly maintained through omissions and adjustments made to her negative behaviors and fantasies.