中國史傳論贊與贊寧《朱高僧傳》的系、通

Abstract

將客觀的歷史敘事與主觀的歷史論斷並存於史書，是中國史傳的特殊形式特徵，論贊是史家針對歷史人物或事件加以主觀的價值評斷或褒貶，通常放在傳文之末，它提供後人一個了解作者史識、史觀的線索。《宋高僧傳》沿此傳統，於某些傳末附加評論，謂之「系」、「通」。本文從中國史傳論贊傳統的演變為始點，以贊寧《宋高僧傳》為對象，探討其「系」、「通」的內容，約可歸納為四類：（一）說明僧傳編撰原則；（二）評論傳主；（三）陳述佛教發展問題；（四）勸化警策。同時，通過系、通，了解贊寧的歷史意識與著作立場。他強調佛教發展應合於時需，因此，站在以王法為本的立場，與統治者及儒、道二教相輔而行的中庸態度來撰寫《宋高僧傳》。

The characteristic form of Chinese Shizhuan is the coexistence of objective description and subjective commentary in historical biographies. Lunzan was usually written by historians in the end of biographies. From the praising or critizing commentary on historical events or figures, descendants have the clues to understand the historical background and perspectives of the authors. According to this tradition, additional commentaries in the end of some biographies in Song Ggaoseng Zhuan, which was named ‘Xi’ and ‘Tong’. This paper is based on Song Ggaoseng Zhuan written by Zanning, and began from the evolution of the Lunzan's tradition in Chinese Shizhuan. They are generalized into four parts: 1) The explanation of the principles on writing Biographies of Eminent Monks. 2) Comments on the protagonist. 3) Descriptions on the problem of Buddhism development. 4) Persuasion and admonish. Meanwhile, we could understand the historical consciousness and writing standpoint of Zanning from ‘Xi’ and ‘Tong’. He emphasized that the development of Buddhism should suit the times. For this reason, standing on the points of king's law, Zanning wrote Song gaoseng zhuan in a middle attitude between the rulers and the assistance of Confucianism and Taoism.