《柳林風聲》三中譯本的比較與分析

Abstract

《柳林風聲》為英國經典文學作品，自1908年出版以來廣受歡迎，不僅多次被改編和引用，更深受不同時代讀者喜愛。而本書的中譯本歷經多次重譯，自1936年首次譯介至華語世界後，在兩岸陸續有新譯本推出。儘管影響力深遠，但關於其繁中譯本的翻譯研究仍相對稀少，故本論文試圖填補此一研究缺口，期望能為未來的《柳林風聲》翻譯研究開啟新的視角。本論文擬探討1936年的朱琪英譯本、1972年張劍鳴譯本與2024年許珈瑜譯本，比較三位譯者在處理文化詞彙時所採取的歸化與異化策略，並運用勒菲弗爾（André Lefevere）的操縱理論，分析意識形態、詩學及贊助人如何影響譯者的翻譯選擇。最後，檢視這些譯本是否符合重譯假說觀點。研究發現，在食物名稱翻譯方面，受時代限制，朱本主要採用歸化策略，而張本與許本則皆偏向異化策略。但在翻譯其他文化詞彙時，張本則最傾向使用歸化策略，朱本次之，而許本則多採異化策略。此一結果挑戰了重譯假說的觀點，顯示重譯本的異化策略並非純粹由讀者對異國文化的熟悉度所決定，同時也深受譯者個人翻譯理念的影響。此外，三譯本皆可看到贊助者、詩學及意識形態作用的痕跡。朱本譯者活躍於五四新文化運動，譯文展現當時的直譯風格；張本則更重視兒童讀者的可讀性，在翻譯時著重在使語言更淺白易懂；許本出版社則強調經典作品的重讀價值，譯者透過註釋補充背景資訊，重視完整傳遞原作文化內涵。筆者期望能藉由分析《柳林風聲》在不同時代背景下的詮釋方式和譯文呈現，為未來相關研究提供參考依據。The Wind in the Willows, a British classic literary work, has been widely popular since its publication in 1908, having been repeatedly adapted, referenced, and cherished by readers across different eras. The Chinese translations of this book have undergone multiple retranslations, with new versions emerging in both Taiwan and China since its first introduction to the Chinese-speaking world in 1936. Despite its profound influence, academic research on its Traditional Chinese translations remains relatively scarce, thus this study aims to address this research gap and provide new perspectives for future translation studies of The Wind in the Willows.This study investigates three Traditional Chinese translations Chu's in 1936, Chang's in 1972, and Hsu's in 2024. By comparing the domestication and foreignization strategies employed by these translators in handling cultural terms, and utilizing André Lefevere's manipulation theory, the research analyzes how ideology, poetics, and patronage influence translators' choices. The study ultimately examines whether these translations conform to the retranslation hypothesis. The findings reveal that in translating food, restricted by the limitations of their respective times, Chu's version primarily used domestication strategies, while Chang and Hsu's versions leaned towards foreignization. However, when translating other cultural terms, Chang tended to use domestication strategies most frequently, followed by Chu, with Hsu predominantly employing foreignization strategies. These results challenge the retranslation hypothesis, demonstrating that the degree of foreignization in retranslations is not solely determined by readers' familiarity with foreign cultures, but is also deeply influenced by translators' individual translation philosophies. Moreover, the traces of patronage, poetics, and ideology are evident in all three translations. Chu, who was active during the May Fourth Movement, reflected the direct translation style of that era. Chang's version prioritized readability for child readers, adjusting translation strategies to make the language more straightforward and accessible. The publisher of Hsu's version emphasized the re-reading value of classic works, with the translator using annotations to provide contextual information and prioritizing cultural proximity to the original text. This study aims to contribute to future research by analyzing how The Wind in the Willows has been interpreted and translated across different historical periods.