澎湖群島永續觀光發展之路：從利害關係人視角看見現況與挑戰

Abstract

本研究以澎湖群島為個案，探討島嶼型目的地之永續觀光發展現況、挑戰與未來方向，並從多元利害關係人視角進行分析。隨著臺灣自2000年起積極推動永續觀光政策，澎湖在資源挹注下發展迅速，然亦面臨生態壓力、社區變遷與居民生活品質下降等治理困境。研究採質性個案研究法，結合半結構式深度訪談與實地觀察，並以立意抽樣選取政府官員、學者、業者及居民為研究對象。資料先以運用SWOT分析歸納澎湖永續觀光之優劣勢與發展機會與威脅，進而透過鑽石模型從七大構面──承載力、居民生活品質、遊客體驗、目的地管理組織、季節性管理、需求管理與智慧旅遊──系統性探討永續發展現況與關鍵議題。研究發現，澎湖具備推動永續觀光之自然與文化優勢，惟仍面臨旺季人流集中、承載管理不足、居民壓力增加及智慧治理基礎薄弱等挑戰。基於研究結果，本研究提出建構跨部門整合治理平台、強化動態承載量管理、推動全年化深度旅遊產品、提升智慧旅遊應用效能，以及深化居民參與與利益共享機制等建議。研究亦檢視其限制，並建議未來研究方向。最後，本研究除為澎湖地方治理與觀光實務提供政策參考，亦有助於島嶼型目的地永續觀光發展理論與實踐之深化。This study investigates the current status, challenges, and future directions of sustainable tourism development in the Penghu Islands, with a focus on the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. A qualitative case study approach was employed, integrating semi-structured in-depth interviews and field observations. Purposive sampling was used to select key stakeholders, including government officials, scholars, tourism operators, and local residents. Data were first analyzed using SWOT analysis to identify the internal and external factors affecting sustainable tourism development in Penghu. Tourism Area Life Cycle theory and Adillón’s Diamond Model were subsequently applied to examine key issues across seven dimensions: carrying capacity, resident quality of life, tourist experience, destination management organization governance, seasonality management, demand management, and smart tourism. The findings reveal that while Penghu holds possesses natural and cultural advantages for promoting sustainable tourism, it continues to face significant challenges such as overcrowding during peak seasons, inadequate carrying capacity management, mounting pressure on residents’ daily lives, and underdeveloped foundations for smart governance. Based on the findings, the study recommends establishing an integrated cross-sectoral governance platform, enhancing dynamic carrying capacity management, developing year-round in-depth tourism products, advancing smart tourism applications, and strengthening mechanisms for resident participation and benefit sharing. The findings of this study offer actionable insights for local governments, tourism operators, and nonprofit organizations inenhancing sustainable tourism strategies for island destinations, particularly under conditions of seasonal flux and governance fragmentation. This study contributes empirical evidence to the sustainable development of island tourism destinations and enriches theoretical and practical discussions on sustainable tourism and island governance.