日本統治的另類殖民遺產：臺灣聖教會之發展（1910s-1950s）

Abstract

日治時期，隨著日本殖民政權進入臺灣，不少日本基督教組織亦隨之拓展其宣教工作，其中之一便是日本聖教會。戰後隨著日本戰敗與殖民統治的終結，大部分日本基督教教組織隨著日人遣返離開，卻獨獨留下日本聖教會，甚至改名「臺灣聖教會」，持續擴張其組織規模。此一現象頗為特殊，因為該教派理論上為一個日本人的組織，卻能在中華民國國民政府統治下延續運作，甚至於白色恐怖時期取得合法人民團體地位，成為活的日治遺產。本論文認為，日本聖教會之所以得以延續並發展，關鍵在於其自始即有意識地推動對臺灣人與原住民的宣教行動，使得組織內部成員在組織跨海來臺初期即出現本地信徒。本地宣教師也積極被培養，並成為危機時推動組織行動的關鍵，即使在戰後臺灣出現政權轉換，本地宣教師也迅速地更新組織。從日本聖教會的案例，也可以觀察其運用策略性的語言包裝信仰內容，降低政府對宣教的干預；奮興派的敬拜風格，也成為吸引信徒的特質，同時亟欲深化信仰的追求成為組織建立自我認同的的重要核心。透過追溯日本聖教會從來臺初始的接觸，直到戰後成立正式宗教團體，我們可以檢視日本組織內日本人、臺灣人、原住民不同的互動與張力，以此認識一個族群混合的海外組織在臺灣，如何在政權變動下保持生存。During Japanese colonial rule, several Japanese Christian denominations established missions in Taiwan, including the Japan Holiness Church. While most withdrew following the repatriation of Japanese nationals after 1945, the Japan Holiness Church remained. It not only continued under the Nationalist regime but also reconstituted itself as the"Taiwan Holiness Church" and expanded its organization. Originally a Japanese institution, the church adapted to the postwar political order and even secured legal recognition during the White Terror. Its survival underscores a rare case of a living legacy of Japanese colonialism. This thesis argues that the church’s postwar endurance and expansion stemmed from its early efforts to evangelize both Taiwanese and Indigenous communities. From the beginning, local believers were integrated into itsstructure, and Taiwanese and Indigenous preachers were systematically trained. These local leaders became key figures during periods of crisis and played a central role in the church’s reconstruction after the regime change.The Japan Holiness Church also employed strategic theological framing to minimize state intervention. Its revivalist worship style attracted broad appeal, while its emphasis on personal faith fostered a shared organizational identity. By tracing the church’s development from its initial mission to its postwar reestablishment, this study explores the dynamics among Japanese, Taiwanese, and Indigenous actors. It sheds light on how an ethnically diverse religious body navigated political transition and sustained itself in postcolonial Taiwan.