歐債危機後中國對葡萄牙能源產業投資之研究

Abstract

本文旨在探索中國於歐債危機後在葡萄牙拓展海外勢力之相關作為。中國自1999年提出「走出去」戰略，藉由推動海外投資發展國際市場，並結合其「一帶一路」倡議強化與他國市場之合作鏈結。2018年底，中國與葡萄牙官方正式簽署「一帶一路合作諒解備忘錄」，自此中國「一帶一路」倡議之版圖勢力正式拓展至南歐最邊陲之國家。然而在中葡兩國簽署該倡議前，中國遂於歐債危機時大舉投資葡萄牙，並側重其能源領域。有趣的是，該期間係歐洲部份國家嚴防中國勢力介入、債務陷阱輿論串起之際，葡萄牙竟願意強化與中國合作，除葡萄牙當時迫於國內低靡經濟情況外，在這之前已與中國培養良好之合作默契，且葡萄牙自身能源領域等相關基礎建設具一定之發展基礎，也使中國願意於該時期與葡萄牙進行合作，藉以緩解葡國經濟壓力。本文採文獻分析法查找國內外相關論文及研究報告，發現中國利用歐債危機爆發葡萄牙深受經濟壓力之際，對葡萄牙伸出援手提供金援，並大舉收購葡萄牙能源產業之股權，除掌握葡萄牙能源命脈，並鎖定該等葡能源公司之海外子公司，將葡萄牙做為拓展全球葡語國家及北美、歐洲能源產業之跳板；此外，澳門在回歸中國後，逐漸成為搭載中國與葡萄牙等葡語國家之合作橋樑，除透過澳門發達之展會產業吸引中國內地及葡語國家企業進行雙方認識，更舉辦相關研習班提高雙方針對能源等領域之合作效能。最後，本研究認為中國對葡萄牙能源產業之投資具有國家戰略利益之考量，這亦符合經濟治略理論之主張。The research purpose of this article is to discuss the fact that China had a profound impact on Portugal after the European Debt Crisis. China extended the influence overseas following the announcement of a “going out” strategy started in 1999, and utilized the Belt and Road Initiative to cooperate with other nation around the world. In 2018, China and Portugal signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation on Beijing’s Belt and Road initiative. Moreover, China and Portugal have cooperated with strong ties before signing the memorandum of understanding, and have focused on energy cooperation since European Debt Crisis. More interestingly, Portugal had no fear for Chinese debt trap like other European countries did, and was willing to cooperate with the Chinese government. This article adopted the documentary research method to collect the relevant essays and research, and discovered that the Chinese government invest amounts of funds to Portugal, especially in energy sector, gaining the stake of those companies in Portugal. Moreover, China extends its influence toward Lusophone countries, North America and Europe by cooperating with those Portuguese companies’ branches overseas. In addition, Macau has become a crucial platform of cooperation between China and the Portuguese-speaking Countries. All in all, this study believes that Chinese investments in Portugal’s energy sector is based on national strategic interests, which also matches the theory of Economic Statecraft.