清代杭州府的家族經營與社會活動－以汪、丁、潘、陳四姓家族為中心

Abstract

杭州府在傳統印象中，被視為經濟繁盛、文教發達之區。然而杭州府下一州八縣，其中有部分縣份位於山區，在經濟、文教等方面與傳統認知中較為富庶的杭州府平原區，情形有所不同。不同的自然環境、經濟條件、文教發達程度，以及國家政治環境的變遷，都會影響地方家族如何經營發展自身家族和地方社會的互動。本文所選擇杭州府平原區縣份的家族－錢塘汪氏、錢塘丁氏，皆是商業起家，爾後透過獲取功名、經營文化網絡、經營文化資本等方式，轉為商、文並重的家族。而山區縣份的唐昌潘氏、富春上館陳氏，則相對於平原區家族，更加注重宗族制度的發展。並透過與遠房宗親聯宗合譜，擴大家族在地方的人數，除此外也參與公共事務，來增加家族在地方的聲望與影響力。

In the traditional impression, Hangzhou Prefecture is regarded as an area with prosperous economy and developed culture and education. However, there are eight counties in the Hangzhou Prefecture, some of which are located in mountainous areas. In terms of economy, culture and education, the situation is different from the plain areas of Hangzhou Prefecture, which are relatively affluent in traditional perceptions. Different natural environments, economic conditions, levels of cultural and educational development, and changes in the national political environment will all affect how local families manage and develop their interactions with local society. The families selected in this article from the plain counties of Hangzhou Prefecture, the Qiantang Wang family and the Qiantang Ding family, all started out in business. Later, through gaining fame, operating cultural networks, and managing cultural capital, they became families that placed equal emphasis on business and culture. The Tangchang Pan family and the Fuchun Shangguan Chen family , in mountainous counties, pay more attention to the development of the clan system than families in plain areas. By joining the family tree with distant relatives, the family's number in the local area is expanded. In addition, the family also participates in public affairs to increase the family's prestige and influence in the local area.