慣性阻力訓練對於競技體操選手地板專項運動表現之影響

Abstract

本研究協助教練和選手訓練，有效率提升專項技能，爭取更優質的運動表現。目的：探討六週漸進式核心慣性阻力訓練對體操選手後空翻轉體720°運動表現、核心與下肢能力之影響。方法：招募10名男子甲組競技體操選手為本研究對象。使用穿戴感測器收集後空翻轉體720°運動表現之軀幹加速度和轉體最大角速度之參數，核心能力及下肢能力利用慣性阻力訓練機收取平均功率、向心功率峰值、離心功率峰值、平均力量之數據。前測結束後，採隨機分配實驗設計分為實驗組和控制組，經6週漸進式核心慣性阻力訓練介入後，進行後測與資料收集。研究數據以混合設計二因子變異數分析，比較組內和組間之差異，顯著水準設為α = .05。結果：於後空翻轉體720°運動表現發現，實驗組加速度之上背數值顯著提升 (前測14.591m/s²→後測18.162 m/s²)，轉體最大角速度皆未達顯著差異，控制組皆未達顯著差異；於核心能力發現，實驗組於正面之平均功率 (前測42.4W→後測55.5W) 與向心功率峰值 (前測88W→後測105.4W) 達顯著差異，以及背面之平均功率 (前測43.7W→後測61.3W)、離心功率峰值 (前測105.3W→後測135.9W) 以及平均力量 (前測49.5W→後測60.2W) 達顯著差異，而控制組皆未達顯著差異；下肢能力兩組皆未達顯著差異。結論：漸進式核心慣性阻力訓練介入於競技體操選手後發現能有效提升後空翻轉體720°運動表現之加速度以及核心能力之相關功率，而對下肢能力則沒有影響，未來可以結合下肢訓練與核心訓練，探討競技體操選手的黃金課表。This study aids coaches and athletes in training, effectively enhancing specific skills to strive for superior athletic performance. Objective: To investigate the impact of a six-week progressive core inertial resistance training on the performance of the backward somersault with 2/1, and the abilities of the core and lower limbs of gymnasts. Method: 10 male A-team competitive gymnasts were recruited for this study. Wearable sensors were used to collect parameters such as the trunk acceleration and maximum angular velocity during the backward somersault with 2/1 performance. Core and lower limb abilities were measured using inertial resistance training machines to gather data on average power, centripetal power peak, centrifugal power peak, and average force. After the pre-test, participants were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Following a six-week progressive core inertial resistance training intervention, post-tests and data collection were conducted. The research data was analyzed using a mixed-design two-factor ANOVA to compare intra-group and inter-group differences, with a significance level set at α = .05. Results: For the backward somersault with 2/1 performance, the experimental group showed a significant increase in upper-back acceleration (pre-test 14.591m/s²→post-test 18.162 m/s²). However, the maximum angular velocity did not show significant differences, and the control group also showed no significant differences. Regarding core abilities, the experimental group showed significant differences in the average power on the front side (pre-test 42.4W→post-test 55.5W) and the peak centripetal power (pre-test 88W→post-test 105.4W), as well as the average power on the back side (pre-test 43.7W→post-test 61.3W), centrifugal power peak (pre-test 105.3W→post-test 135.9W), and average force (pre-test 49.5W→post-test 60.2W). The control group showed no significant differences. No significant differences were observed in lower limb abilities for either group. Conclusion: Progressive core inertial resistance training intervention in competitive gymnasts has been found to effectively enhance the acceleration performance of the backward somersault with 2/1 and the related power of core abilities. However, it had no impact on the abilities of the lower limbs. Future research can integrate lower limb training with core training to explore the optimal training regimen for competitive gymnasts.