八週複合式訓練對跆拳道品勢速度力量表現之影響

Abstract

背景：跆拳道品勢競賽動作標準性逐漸統一，技術分數已無差異性，導致表現分數在品勢競賽上成為比賽勝負之關鍵。表現分數的高低，主要以選手的速度力量 (爆發力) 來判定，突顯爆發力對跆拳道品勢的重要性。研究指出，阻力訓練 (resistance training) 和增強式訓練 (plyometric training) 可提升爆發力表現，後續研究發現將兩種訓練組合而成的複合式訓練 (complex training) 提升效益更佳。目的：探討八週複合式訓練介入對品勢選手相關肌群的最大肌力 (1RM)、爆發力 (功率峰值)、整體品勢動作合加速度與速度力量分數的影響，以及整體品勢動作合加速度與速度力量分數的相關性。方法：14名優秀大專跆拳道品勢選手 (10男4女)，經配對後分成2組：複合式訓練加上跆拳道品勢專項訓練組 (n=7, EG) 與跆拳道品勢專項訓練控制組 (n=7, CG)，進行八週的訓練。所有參與者在訓練前後進行仰臥推舉、蹲舉及滑輪下拉的最大肌力測驗，下蹲垂直跳與爆發伏地挺身的爆發力測驗，並使用三軸加速規配戴在參與者四肢，在展演「高麗」品勢同時請三位品勢裁判評分，取得整體品勢動作合加速度以及速度力量分數的成績。並以混合設計二因子變異數分析，比較兩組別上下肢最大肌力、爆發力、整體品勢動作合加速度、速度力量分數之差異，並以皮爾森積差相關分析參與者整體品勢動作合加速度與速度力量分數的相關性。結果：八週複合式訓練後，EG組仰臥推舉、蹲舉、滑輪下拉之最大肌力、下蹲垂直跳與爆發伏地挺身的功率峰值以及速度力量分數顯著提升。另外，訓練後蹲舉、滑輪下拉之最大肌力以及速度力量分數 (EG：1.50 ± 0.08分；CG：1.38 ± 0.08分)，EG組也顯著優於CG組。但整體品勢動作合加速度兩組別間無顯著差異，且整體品勢動作合加速度與速度力量分數兩者無相關性 (r =.206, p＞.05)。結論：八週複合式訓練可以有效提升跆拳道品勢選手上下肢最大肌力、功率峰值以及速度力量分數，但對於整體品勢動作合加速度並沒有提升效果。此外，整體品勢動作合加速度與裁判給予評判速度力量分數沒有任何相關性，因此動作合加速度無法作為速度力量表現有無增加的指標。Background: While technical accuracy of Poomsae technique has been similar among athletes, presentational performance of Poomsae technique becomes a key factor in a competition. Presentation scores are mainly dependent on speed and power give by referees. Therefore, power is important in Taekwondo Poomsae. Studies have indicated that resistance training and plyometric training can improve power performance. The combination of these two training methods, referred as complex training, can further improve power performance. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of eight weeks of complex training on strength, peak power, acceleration of movements, speed and power scores, and correlation between acceleration of movements and speed and power scores. Methods: Fourteen elite college Poomsae athletes (10 men and 4 women) were assigned to complex training plus Poomsae training group (n=7, EG) and Poomsae training control group (n=7, CG). Before and after training, subjects performed upper and lower limb strength and power. Acceleration of movements and speed and power scores were also obtained during 「Koryo」 Poomsae. Two-way mixed design ANOVA was used to determine the differences in these measurements between two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine correlation between acceleration of movements and speed and power scores. Results: After training, strength in bench press, squat, and lat pull down, upper and lower limb peak power, and speed and power scores were significantly improved in EG group. However, strength in squat and lat pull down, and speed and power scores (EG：1.50 ± 0.08；CG：1.38 ± 0.08) in EG group was significantly greater than CG group. Acceleration of movements was not significantly increased in both groups after training, and no correlation between acceleration of movements and speed and power scores was observed (r =.206, p＞.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of complex training may enhance upper and lower limb strength and power, and speed and power scores for Poomsae athletes. However, acceleration of movements may not be improved. Furthermore, while there is no correlation between acceleration of movements and speed and power scores, acceleration of movements may not be a good indicator of speed and power scores.