職場女性運動階段、身體活動量與生理指標之研究

Abstract

2011-2014年運動城市調查顯示，女性規律運動人口比例已從22.7%增加至28.2%，但相較於男性，無論在運動參與、規律運動人口比例或運動時間皆較男性為少，在女性勞動力日漸提升的今日社會，關注職場女性的身心健康實為健康國民的要務之一。本研究目的主要瞭解職場女性規律運動、身體活動、壓力與生理指標現況，並且瞭解無法規律運動的阻礙；接著，探討不同運動階段職場女性之身體活動程度及壓力程度的關聯性；最後，分析身體活動量、壓力指數與生理指標之相關性。方法：本研究配合「Women動起來」活動，採立意抽樣方式，於活動結束後針對參加的女性進行資料蒐集，共獲得254份職場女性有效問卷。研究工具包括IPAQ身體活動量表、壓力指數測量表、運動階段與個人基本資料問卷、骨密機與體脂計等。研究資料以描述型統計分析、卡方分析與皮爾森積差相關分析進行統計分析。研究結果：1.職場女性運動階段分布以準備期最多，生理數值、壓力程度、身體活動程度於健康正常範圍者居多；2.時間不足是職場女性進行規律運動的最大阻礙，其次為工作太忙、家庭牽絆；3.職場女性的運動階段與身體活動程度、壓力狀況，兩兩間均具顯著關連性；4.職場女性的身體活動量與壓力指數呈負相關，與生理指標中的骨質密度呈正相關。結論與建議：職場女性普遍具有運動觀念，惟坐式生活型態已然成形，應藉由運動來調節角色壓力、延緩身體老化，建議可學習時間管理以克服運動阻礙、運用零碎時間增加身體活動；政府、企業亦應一起打造友善的運動環境，以提高規律運動的比例，進而達到運動促進健康、預防疾病的最終目的。Background: The Sports City Investigations from 2011 to 2014 showed that the proportion of regularly exercising population in female had risen from 22.7% to 28.2%, though comparing to male, whether the participant percentage, population percentage of regular exercise or exercise time was found lower in female. With arising workforce of women nowadays, the concern for mental and physical healthiness of employed women would be important. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate current status of regular exercise, physical activities, stress and physiological indicators in employed women, as well as the obstructions of performing exercise regularly. Furthermore, relationships between physical activities and stress states in different stages of exercise and among physical activities, stress index and physiological indicators were analyzed. Method: During the activity “Women動起來,” questionnaire sets including International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), stress index scale, stages of exercise and personal information questionnaire were delivered and 254 effective responses from employed women were received. The physiological indicators were assessed with body composition analyzer and bone densitometer. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square Test and Pearson product-moment correlation. Results: (1) the population distributed in preparation stage most and physical indicators, stress states and physical activities were mostly normal of employed women (2) lack of time was the primary reason keeping employed women from regular exercise, followed by heavy workloads and family errands (3) there were significant correlations between the stages of exercise and physical activities, and stress state, separately (4) physical activities were negatively correlated with stress state and positively correlated with bone density. Conclusion and suggestion: Employed women were generally having the concept of exercise while the sedentary life style had already formed. Exercise should play a part in regulating role stress and delaying physically aging, thus time management improvement through increasing physical activities at odd moments was needed to eliminate the obstruction from performing exercise. In addition, the government and enterprises should develop exercise-friendly environments together to raise regular exercise population and achieve the ultimate goal of exercise in improving health and preventing disease.