杯渡和尚與香港城市記憶之研究
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2018
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城市記憶與身份認同息息相關，當中以歷史最為重要。香港的歷史因涉及不同朝代的更迭以及殖民的影響而產生斷層，以中國對香港歷史的記載最早可追溯至秦始皇於前214年所發動的第三次平定嶺南之戰，以英國對香港歷史的記錄則始於1842年英國正式殖民香港後，兩者所寫的香港歷史紀錄相差1400多年，顯示出對香港歷史的思考仍有許多的分歧。最早在香港留下行跡並有古蹟留存至今的東晉杯渡和尚，為界定香港歷史的關鍵性人物。本文旨在探討杯渡與香港城市記憶之間的關係，包括：一、香港歷史概述。將香港歷史分為︰第一時期的秦始皇時期至清朝頒布遷海令前；第二時期的清遷海令頒布後至正式割讓及第三時期的殖民時期至回歸中國，三個時期分別討論，整理出香港歷史的發展過程。由於香港歷史與中古時期的高僧杯渡之間，存在著密切的關聯，因此本論文第二部分從三個方向進行討論。第一節探討最早紀錄杯渡的《高僧傳》中的杯渡分析杯渡的生平行跡，從佛教史的角度觀察杯渡；第二節探討唐代詩歌中的杯渡，理解唐代文士想像中杯渡的形象；第三節探討方志中的杯渡，從地方史/區域史中探討杯渡被記憶的情形。本論文第三部分著眼於當代香港城市記憶，探討現今香港及香港居民記憶杯渡的情況。第一節探討現存的古蹟青山寺中的杯渡岩，實地調查杯渡岩的現況，以瞭解現今杯渡古蹟被保存的情形。第二節探討在政府權力運作下，杯渡被使用為交通路線規劃的情況。第三節以問卷調查的方式，訪問香港居民對杯渡的記憶，整理分析出杯渡雖為香港歷史的關鍵性人物，但現今的香港居民卻普遍不知道杯渡的事蹟。少部分仍記得杯渡的香港居民大部分在日常生活中接觸到與杯渡相關的事物或曾學習過與杯渡相關的知識，透過生活經驗的累積，將杯渡的名字、相關的知識及與杯渡有關的青山寺內化為城市記憶的一部分。
As a reflection of a city's history, Urban Memory is closely related to the identity of a city's residents. In popular history,Hong Kong has existed as a Chinese city since 214 BCE, however in 1842, the city's history as a British colony began. Hong Kong's long history as a Chinese city, and Hong Kong's more recent history as a British colony, has resulted in many varying perspectives on the city's historical identity. The current thesis research will consider the relationship between an influential Buddhist monk of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Beidu, and Urban Memory in Hong Kong as a historically Chinese city. Beidu was a key figure in establishing a historical Chinese presence in Hong Kong. There are still sites dedicated to his memory, which have been preserved to the present day. These sites have become symbolic of the historical Chinese identity of the city and its residents. The first part of the research will provide an overview of Hong Kong's history, divided into three major periods. The second part will be subdivided into three subsections analyzing the historical record of the monk Beidu; first, by examining the earliest record of his life, the Memoirs of Eminent Monks, and his influence on the regional development of Buddhism. The second section will analyze reference to Beidu in Tang poems and songs, to consider Beidu's image from the perspective of Tang scholars. The third section will review local gazetteers and publications in the centuries since, to determine how Beidu and his historical legacy have been remembered in relation to Hong Kong and regional history. The final part of the thesis will focus on Hong Kong's contemporary Urban Memory and probe the popular memory of Beidu among Hong Kong citizens. This will be attempted by conducting site surveys and interviews concerning historical sites related to Beidu. The first sections consists of a survey of the historical site of Beidu Rock, located within the Qing Shan Temple. The field study analyzes the current status of the Beidu Rock site to determine how well the site has been preserved. The second section discusses how Beidu’s historical image was used by local government to support city planning projects. The third section examines results of questionnaires and interviews of Hong Kong citizens. The surveys are intended to help discover what image of Beidu exists in the current Urban Memory of citizens, if any at all. Concluding analysis suggests that a majority of people are not familiar with Beidu's achievements, even though he remains a key figure in the history of Hong Kong.
As a reflection of a city's history, Urban Memory is closely related to the identity of a city's residents. In popular history,Hong Kong has existed as a Chinese city since 214 BCE, however in 1842, the city's history as a British colony began. Hong Kong's long history as a Chinese city, and Hong Kong's more recent history as a British colony, has resulted in many varying perspectives on the city's historical identity. The current thesis research will consider the relationship between an influential Buddhist monk of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Beidu, and Urban Memory in Hong Kong as a historically Chinese city. Beidu was a key figure in establishing a historical Chinese presence in Hong Kong. There are still sites dedicated to his memory, which have been preserved to the present day. These sites have become symbolic of the historical Chinese identity of the city and its residents. The first part of the research will provide an overview of Hong Kong's history, divided into three major periods. The second part will be subdivided into three subsections analyzing the historical record of the monk Beidu; first, by examining the earliest record of his life, the Memoirs of Eminent Monks, and his influence on the regional development of Buddhism. The second section will analyze reference to Beidu in Tang poems and songs, to consider Beidu's image from the perspective of Tang scholars. The third section will review local gazetteers and publications in the centuries since, to determine how Beidu and his historical legacy have been remembered in relation to Hong Kong and regional history. The final part of the thesis will focus on Hong Kong's contemporary Urban Memory and probe the popular memory of Beidu among Hong Kong citizens. This will be attempted by conducting site surveys and interviews concerning historical sites related to Beidu. The first sections consists of a survey of the historical site of Beidu Rock, located within the Qing Shan Temple. The field study analyzes the current status of the Beidu Rock site to determine how well the site has been preserved. The second section discusses how Beidu’s historical image was used by local government to support city planning projects. The third section examines results of questionnaires and interviews of Hong Kong citizens. The surveys are intended to help discover what image of Beidu exists in the current Urban Memory of citizens, if any at all. Concluding analysis suggests that a majority of people are not familiar with Beidu's achievements, even though he remains a key figure in the history of Hong Kong.
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杯渡, 青山寺, 香港歷史, 城市記憶, 古蹟保存, Monk Beidu, Qing Shan Temple, Hong Kong History, Urban Memory, Historical Sites Preservation