葉赫納喇氏與清初政治:以蘇納、蘇克薩哈父子為中心

Abstract

海西女真葉赫、哈達、輝發、烏喇等扈倫四部與努爾哈齊的和戰關係，對滿洲政權的建立影響甚大，其中葉赫部納喇氏族人的動向，更具有關鍵地位。葉赫納喇氏宗支繁盛，其家族成員在與努爾哈齊對抗的過程中，既有聯姻關係，也有主動歸順或戰敗投降者，最終都加入滿洲政權，並以蒙古族裔的背景，為皇太極處理蒙古事務。其中，以五世祖尼雅尼雅喀的子孫，在政權中最早取得親貴的地位，和滿洲入關前後的政局發展關係頗深；同時，也只有蘇納、蘇克薩哈父子能夠連續兩代在政治上都有表現，而成為葉赫納喇氏在清初政治上的特例。因此，本文選定清初政體變動最劇烈的兩個階段，即從汗權轉化為皇權、從攝政轉變為輔政的過程中，以蘇納、蘇克薩哈父子為中心，再輔以家族其他成員在政局中的沉浮，用以探討葉赫納喇氏在清初政治史上的地位。至於討論的重點，則集中在：一、葉赫部與努爾哈齊的和戰關係；二、尼雅尼雅喀家族的歸附與婚宦；三、蘇納及其家族和皇太極的互動；四、順康年間蘇克薩哈的政治選擇。

The relationship between Yehe, Hada, Hoifa, Ula these four tribes of Hūlun and Nurhaci makes huge influence on the basic of Manchu regime. The tendencyof the Yehe Naras is the key point during this period. The Yehe Naras clans by the ways with marriage, surrendered voluntarily or battle-failed joint to Manchuregime, therefore this background of Mongo clans took care of the business about Mongo. According to the fifth ancestor Niyaniyaka’s branches took thehighest position in the very early time and kept the influence of regime after entered China for a long time. In the meantime, only the second branch whichSuna and Suksaha, father and son, could hold on the magnificent sight in two generations and became the exception of Yehe Naras in early Ch’ing. Thisproject will discuss the relationship between Yahe Naras and Nurgaci, the allegiance and politics marriage of Niyaniyaka family, the interaction betweenSuna family and Hong Taiji, and the choice of Suksaha during the regime from Shun-chih to K’ang-hsi.