臺北港貨櫃碼頭營運的艱難之路

Abstract

貨櫃運輸產業在經過60年海運貨櫃化的歷程演進，已經成為高度成熟的產業，主要業務發展受制於一個國家或地區的交通運輸政策，伴隨全球經濟發展趨勢而呈現不同之變化。近年全球各區域貿易協定的倡議及關稅壁壘的貿易紛爭，更加左右了航運產業發展的不確定性。臺北港第一貨櫃儲運中心於2009年3月由台北港貨櫃碼頭公司啟用營運，為國內第一個以BOT方式營運的貨櫃碼頭公司。政府施政規劃以複製高雄港貨櫃碼頭成功營運之模式，由航商股東進行營運管理。但自開業以來營運量始終低於預期之規劃，碼頭利用率最高僅達設計容量68%。 本研究以航港產業業者實地訪談與次級資料的收集，針對影響台北港貨櫃碼頭營運之因素進行研究分析，探索貨櫃港口在經營環境變遷中所面臨的問題。研究結論發現在進出口櫃方面，主要影響為基隆港區之產業群聚優勢；在轉口櫃方面，則是以經營者對於碼頭的使用定位影響最大。台北港貨櫃碼頭必須以差異化的營運策略，與基隆港作出區隔，爭取具台北港腹地優勢之貨源。在轉口櫃業務上，應重新評估現行遠洋母船靠泊之需求條件，針對不同轉口貨源做出定位區隔，以發揮台北港貨櫃碼頭之核心優勢。The container shipping industry has evolved into a highly mature industry after 60 years of shipping containerization. This industry is subject to the transport policy of a country or region, and is also influenced by global economic development trend. In recent years, the initiatives of regional trade agreements and the trade disputes of tariff barriers have further hampered the development of the shipping industry. The first container storage and transportation center of Taipei Port operated in March 2009 by Taipei Port Container Terminal Corp.. This is the first container terminal company established in Taiwan using Build-Operate-Tranfer T model. The government's administrative plan is to replicate the successful operation of the container terminal at Kaohsiung Port letting shipping companies manage the port. However, since the the operation, the transporting volume has never been higher than what was planned, and the terminal utilization rate only reached 68% of the design capacity in 2017. For exploring the problems faced with Taipei Port in the changing business environment, this study adopted methods of field interviews as well as secondary data analyses. The findings present that in terms of import and export containers, the determinants of shipping volume is the industry clusters built around the port. As for transshipment containers, the key to attracting container liners is the density of ocean shipping routes. Implications and conclusions are also provided.