從霄裡營盤古墓到褒忠義民廟的歷史研究

Abstract

霄裡褒忠義民廟位於今桃園市八德區霄裡營盤一帶，又稱為營盤古墓，今 日墓後立有二墓碑，碑上分別註記為「乾隆五十三年(1788)立」以及「昭和 壬申年(1932)修」。從立碑時間與今日廟宇名稱來看，雖與枋寮褒忠義民廟 相似，但根據史料所載，此處應為清代軍營所駐紮的「營盤地」，而古墓為營 盤地所留下的無名墓塚，與林爽文事件後的義民爺信仰並無關聯，以致於現有 義民爺信仰的相關研究，皆未討論此一義民廟的建立。本研究認為霄裡褒忠義民廟原本雖僅為義塚，但其演變為義民廟的過程， 實質上涉及清代營汛與土地開發的變化。因此，本研究透過清代方志與日治時 期的土地資料，重新梳理從營汛、營盤田到營盤古墓的歷史脈絡，說明清代營 汛與地方社會的發展。同時，本研究依據墓塚土地權利的轉移過程，說明此一 墓塚如何在日治時期轉換成義民信仰，日後又成為義民廟的歷史過程。換言之， 今日霄裡褒忠義民廟的建立，實質上涉及清代營盤田的轉變以及義民信仰對於 地方社會帶來的影響。

Xiaoli Baozhong Yimin Temple is located in the area of Xiao Li Yingpan, Bade District, Taoyuan City. It is also known as Yingpan Tomb. There are two tombstones at the back of the tomb today, which are respectively noted as"established in the 53rd year of Qianlong (1788)" and "repaired in the Year of Showa Renshen (1932)". In terms of the time when the monument was erected and the name of the temple today, although it is similar to Fangliao BaoZhong Yimin Temple, according to the historical data, this place is the "Yingpan site" where the Qing Dynasty barracks were stationed, and the unknown tomb left by the tomb is not related to the belief of the Yimin Ye after the Lin Shuangwen incident, so the establishment ofthis Yimin Temple has not been discussed in the existing research on the belief of the Yimin Ye.This study believes that although Xiaoli Baozhong Yimin Temple was originally only a cemetery, the process of its evolution into the temple involved the changes of flood camp and land development in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, this study rearranges the historical context from Yingxun, Yingpan field to Yingpan tomb through the land data of the Qing Dynasty's local records and the Japanese rule period to explain the development of Yingxun and local society in the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, based on the transfer process of the land rights of the tomb, this study explains the historical process of how the tomb was transformed into the belief of the righteous people during the period of Japanese rule and became the temple of the righteous people in the future. In other words, the establishment of Xiaoli Baozhong Yimin Temple today essentially involved the transformation of Yingpan field in the Qing Dynasty and the influence of the faith of the righteous people on the local society.