司馬遷《史記》及其譯本研究
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2013
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Abstract
本論文以「司馬遷《史記》及其譯本研究」為題,介紹國際漢學下的《史記》翻譯狀況,並以Burton Watson的英文譯本為主要對象進行分析與討論。全文共六章,分述如下:
第一章
概述研究此題的動機與問題意識,並說明研究範圍與材料,以及採用的研究方法與步驟,進一步剖析與分類已有之相關文獻與研究成果。
第二章
簡要介紹國際漢學,重點在回顧各國的《史記》翻譯概況,主要分為西方及東亞譯本,在西方譯本下整理了德、法、英、俄、捷克、芬蘭及羅馬尼亞的譯本,在東亞譯本的回溯上,則以韓國及日本譯本為主。
第三章
介紹司馬遷的《史記》,著重在探討作者司馬遷生平及經歷對其寫作的影響,歸納《史記》內容和結構上的特色,進一步探討司馬遷發憤著述下,《史記》抒情性的展現,並提出司馬遷在《史記》中寄寓了他對人類歷史及政治趨勢的觀察。
第四章
介紹及分析Burton Watson的生平和他的英文譯本,先比較他所作三種《史記》譯本的內容和結構,再針對他於1993年出版的三冊譯本進行篇章內容的研究,分析並歸納譯本特色和他所採用的翻譯策略,說明翻譯與原作間的差距及差距產生的原因。
第五章
比較研究英語世界現最通行的兩套《史記》譯本,分為形式上及內容上的比較,在內容上以〈太史公自序〉及〈秦始皇本紀〉為對象進行分析,並歸納與探討不同的翻譯目的及翻譯策略,是如何影響了譯本的面貌。
第六章
對本論文作出結論,總結了譯本對司馬遷《史記》的價值及意義。
This paper is an attempt to interpret Sima Qian’s Shiji in light of Sinological Studies, Burton Watson’s Records of the Grand Historian and William H. Nienhauser’s The Grand Scribe’s Records. First I introduce different translations of Sima Qian’s Shiji in nine languages, and discuss how the translators’ translating purposes and strategies influence their translations. Then I concentrate on the discussion of Burton Watson’s three different Shiji translations: Records of the Grand Historian of China in 1961; Records of the Historian: Chapters from the Shih Chi of Ssu-ma Ch’ien in 1969; Records of the Grand Historian in 1993. By examining the different kinds of strategies that Watson uses in his translations, this paper reveals a possibility of Watson’s conscious and unconscious alteration of Shiji. Later, I focus on the discussion of the similarities and disparities between Watson’s and Nienhauser’s translations in two related aspects: the text’s interpretive qualities, and the interaction and transformation among the reader, author, and translator. In analyzing the two most famous chapters in Shiji, “Tai-shi Gong zixu” and “Qin Shi Huang benji,” we see the text undergoing different kinds of changes. I close the paper with a discussion of translation as a unique art form in itself. I hope this study can pave the way for further discussion of the possibility of a new type of reading.
This paper is an attempt to interpret Sima Qian’s Shiji in light of Sinological Studies, Burton Watson’s Records of the Grand Historian and William H. Nienhauser’s The Grand Scribe’s Records. First I introduce different translations of Sima Qian’s Shiji in nine languages, and discuss how the translators’ translating purposes and strategies influence their translations. Then I concentrate on the discussion of Burton Watson’s three different Shiji translations: Records of the Grand Historian of China in 1961; Records of the Historian: Chapters from the Shih Chi of Ssu-ma Ch’ien in 1969; Records of the Grand Historian in 1993. By examining the different kinds of strategies that Watson uses in his translations, this paper reveals a possibility of Watson’s conscious and unconscious alteration of Shiji. Later, I focus on the discussion of the similarities and disparities between Watson’s and Nienhauser’s translations in two related aspects: the text’s interpretive qualities, and the interaction and transformation among the reader, author, and translator. In analyzing the two most famous chapters in Shiji, “Tai-shi Gong zixu” and “Qin Shi Huang benji,” we see the text undergoing different kinds of changes. I close the paper with a discussion of translation as a unique art form in itself. I hope this study can pave the way for further discussion of the possibility of a new type of reading.
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Keywords
《史記》, 譯本, Burton Watson, 抒情性, 新生, Shiji, translation, Burton Watson, lyricism, new life