皇侃《論語義疏》研究

Abstract

皇侃《論語義疏》以何晏《論語集解》作為底本，在研究《論語義疏》時必然不能跳脫《論語集解》，必須先弄清楚何晏《論語集解》的三個問題：（一）成書原因、（二）成書時間、（三）《論語集解》特色，然後，才能進一步討論《論語義疏》。雖有不少前賢曾撰寫文章針對上面的三個問題作出探討，可是有關第一個問題大多數人都集中在「社會需求」導致《論語集解》出現，他們都忽略了為何是《論語》出現「集解」，其他經書則未見，本文必須(先)把先賢(有關這一部分的)遺漏處補足。其次，由於第一個問題沒有解釋清楚，連帶第二個問題亦出現失誤，前賢大多根據劉寶楠《論語正義》所引的《經典釋文‧敘錄》：「（齊王芳）正始中上之，盛行于世。」認為成書時間是在「（齊王芳）正始年間（西元240-249）」，當弄清楚成書原因是為「教學」用途後，則能推論出(較為可信的)成書時間。最後，有關此書的特色，本文主要提出兩點：為何《論語集解》的注文如此簡短？以及何晏是否「以玄解經」？注文簡短的問題前賢已注意到，可是並不能提出合理的解釋，因此尚有探討的空間。至於《論語集解》是否「以玄解經」的問題更是反覆被討論，本文將重新釐清此問題，並認為《論語集解》不涉及「以玄解經」。 當《論語集解》的問題弄清楚後，可以進入《論語義疏》中討論，《論語義疏》涉及的問題有：（一）成書原因、（二）如何融合《論語集解》與江熙的《集解論語》、（三）是否成功融合。有關皇侃成書問題雖有文章提及，可是不曾解釋為何皇侃要使用《論語集解》為底本，必須把這個問題解決，才能知道皇侃成書的原因。其次，對於皇侃面對何晏《論語集解》與江熙《集解論語》兩種不同性質的著作時，到底是使用何種方法使兩者融合成一書。最後，縱使把不同的《論語》融合，《論語集解》融合的成果為何，則值得深究。Huang Kan's “Lun Yu Yi Shu” is based on He Yan's “Lun Yu Ji Jie”. In studying Huang's “Lun Yu Yi Shu”, we must first clarify the three issues of He Yan's “Lun Yu Ji Jie”: (1) the reasons for its publication, (2) the time of its publication, and (3) the characteristics of the “Lun Yu Ji Jie” before we can further discuss “Lun Yu Yi Shu”. Although a number of sages have written articles to discuss the above three issues, most of them focus on the first question, which is about the 'social needs that led to the appearance of the “Lun Yu Ji Jie”. They have neglected to mention the reasons why the “Analects of Confucius” appeared as “ Ji Jie”. This paper must make up for the omissions of the sages. Secondly, on the second question, because the first question was not clearly explained. The second question was also erroneous. According to Liu Baonan's "Lun Yu Zheng Yi" quoted in "Jing Dian · Xu Lu":"(Qi Wangfang) is the beginning of the middle, prevailing in the world.", most of the sages believed that the book was completed in "(Qi Wang Fang) Zhengshi Period (240-249 AD)".When it is clear that the book was written for 'teaching' purposes, it is possible to deduce when it was written. Finally, on the third question, why the commentary on the “Lun Yu Ji Jie”. is so short, and whether it is a 'metaphysical interpretation of the scriptures'.「melting with Confucianism and the Dark Learning(以玄解經)」 Sages have noted this phenomenon, but have not been able to offer a reasonable explanation, and so a reasonable explanation is needed. The question of whether or not the “Lun Yu Ji Jie”. is'interpreting the scriptures in terms of metaphysics'「melting with Confucianism and the Dark Learning(以玄解經)」 has been repeatedly discussed, and this paper will clarify that “ Lun Yu Ji Jie” does not involve 'interpreting the scriptures in terms of metaphysics'. 「melting with Confucianism and the Dark Learning(以玄解經)」 Once the question of “Lun Yu Ji Jie”. has been clarified, we can move on to the discussion of The “Lun Yu Yi Shu”, which deals with the following questions. (a) the reasons for its composition, (b) how to integrate “Lun Yu Ji Jie”. with Jiang Xi's “Ji Jie Lun Yu”., and (c) whether the integration was successful. Although the question of Huang Kan's book has been mentioned in some articles, no explanation has been given as to why Huang Kan used The “Lun Yu Ji Jie”. as his base text. This problem must be solved before we can know the reason why Huang Kan wrote the book. Secondly, the question of what method Huang Kan used to combine the two works of different nature, He Yan's “Lun Yu Ji Jie”.and Jiang Xi's “Ji Jie Lun Yu”, into one book.Finally, Finally, even if the different “Analects of Confucius” are integrated, it is worth examining what the result of the fusion of the“Lun Yu Ji Jie”. was.