工作對家庭增益之路-自覺與自我觀之角色

Abstract

職場與家庭為人生中兩個重要的場景。隨著人生不同的歷程,場景中的環境與人際也逐漸複雜。由於資源的有限,個人資源若能受到其他外在支持的保護或挹注,則較能夠悠遊在不同場景的人際之間;反之則可能會疲於奔命,導致資源耗竭。絕大部分對於職家的研究,採負面的觀點將議題聚焦在衝突上。另有研究改以正向觀點將研究主軸從衝突轉變為增益,以關注資源流動的觀點探討工作及家庭之間的增益關係。本研究所關注的議題則聚焦在是否能夠利用工作上的經驗對家庭產生增益以達到綜效。

本研究以深度訪談的方式,對具有泛管理經驗的經理人進行個案蒐集。經訪 談後,歸納出可產生增益與未產生增益兩組受訪者。透過兩組共六位受訪者的自 述後發現,產生增益與未產生增益的主要關鍵在於,當受訪者進入較複雜的環境 及人際關係時,是否能夠產生自覺,並進一步建構獨立的自我觀。並以獨立的自 我觀為出發點,善用職場上的歷練,啟動自主改善循環對家庭關係產生增益。對 於需要藉由晤談協助員工排解職家緊張關係的經理人,可根據本研究結果,誘導 員工產生自覺,進而從工作上的經驗對家庭產生增益。訪談時,由於牽涉到數十 年的人生經歷,可能會發生記憶模糊或過度美化的問題。在未來可透過訪談其家 人或同儕提升資料蒐集的精確性。由於訪談時,所著重的為受訪者的歷程、自我 觀及家庭關係的變化,在未來可加入受訪者的領導風格做進一步深入的探討。Workplace and family are two important contexts in one’s life. In different stagesof life, the surroundings and the corresponding interpersonal relationships in eachcontext may become increasingly complicated. Considering the scarcity of resources, if one receives external support or protection, it would be more likely for one to be able to handle relationships in various scenarios. However, if no external help is available, resources would deplenish and the person would wear out. Most researches conducted on work and family view negatively and focus on conflicts. Few other research that take positive perspectives pay more attention on the enrichment instead of the conflicts to study resource flow and the mutuality between work and family. This research, on the other hand, concentrated on observing whether experiencesobtained in work can enrich family.This research collected different cases from interviewees with all sorts of management experience by means of in-depth interviews. After the interviewing process, the cases were categorized into "enrichment" and "not enrichment". By analyzing the six cases of both groups, we discovered that the key for work-family enrichment is the production of self-awareness and the subsequent construction of an unique self-view, when the interviewee enters a complicated context or relationship. Then, by having an unique self-view, one is able to utilize work experiences and initiate a beneficial cycle and profit the family. For managers who need to resolve the employees' difficulties in work-family relationships, according to the result of our research, try to trigger self-awareness for the employees, so work experiences can be utilized to benefit family. The interviews might be inaccurate because they are decades of life experiences; they might be misremembered or overly polished. To increase the accuracy of the research, interviews with the family or friends of the interviewees can be conducted in the future. Also, because this research focused on the experiences, self-views and changes in family relationships of the interviewees, further researches can be conducted on the interviewees' leading styles.