日治前期臺灣縱貫鐵路設備與材料之研究（1895～1926）

Abstract

日治前期臺灣縱貫鐵路以「速成延長主義」為建設方針，以具有鐵路建設經驗的日本技術人才為主，顯示臺灣鐵路設備和材料深受殖民母國日本的影響，並與日本的鐵路工業技術發展密不可分。本文擬就1895～1926年日治時期臺灣縱貫鐵路的發展、政策的變化、設備和材料的來源及轉變，究明1895～1926年間臺灣鐵路設備和材料的發展及其特色，並透過與日本國有鐵路的比較，探討兩者的關聯與異同之處。由本論文探討的結果可知，1899～1911年間日本的機關車技術尚在起步階段，因此縱貫鐵路的機關車仰賴外國進口，鐵路車輛國產化政策確立之後，以日本民間鐵路車輛公司為主要供應者，且與日本機關車型制漸趨相同，反映出殖民地臺灣配合鐵路車輛國產化政策，也顯示日本的鐵路車輛技術逐漸走向獨立。貨車和客車方面，係鐵道部工場擁有足夠的車輛製造技術和設備，得以鐵道部工場為主要來源，並另向日本民間鐵路車輛公司購買。貨車和客車的數量和種類具有因地制宜的特徵，以鐵路實際運輸情形增減車輛的種類和數量。軌條方面，1899～1910年代中期依賴國外進口，受到第一次世界大戰的影響與日本製鐵技術的進步，臺灣軌條轉為從日本進口。縱貫線採用窄軌，而清領鐵路、日本鐵路同為窄軌，使得縱貫線能沿用清領的鐵路車輛，也便於臺日之間機關車的調動與支持日本民間鐵路車輛公司。隨著運輸量增加，鐵路車輛數也隨之增加，但長期發生滯貨問題，反映出車輛數的成長跟不上運輸量的變化。此外，鐵道部工場反覆修繕及使用舊機關車，加以1910年代至1920年代車輛難以徹底檢查和維修，因而影響到鐵路的營運。Taiwan Trunk Line followed the construction policy of “quick-speed extension’’ and mainly employed Japanese technical talents with railway construction experience. This shows that Taiwan's railway equipment and materials are deeply influenced by Japan, and are inseparable from Japan's railway industrial technology development. This article intends to study the development and policy changes of Taiwan Trunk Line, the sources and transformations of equipment and materials, the development and characteristics of Taiwan's railway equipment and materials, difference between Taiwan Trunk Line and Japanese National Railways during the Japanese colonial period from 1859 to 1926. The results of this paper are that Japan's locomotive technology was still in its infancy from 1899 to 1911. Therefore, Taiwan locomotives relied on foreign imports. After the localization policy of railway vehicles was established, Japanese rolling stock companies were the main suppliers, and the vehicle was becoming the same as that of Japan, reflecting Taiwan's support to the localization policy of railway vehicles, and also showing that Japan's railway vehicle technology is gradually becoming independent. In terms of freight cars and passenger cars were mainly sourced from the Railway Administration’s factory and purchased from Japanese rolling stock companies. The types of trucks and passenger cars were adapted to local conditions, and the quantity of vehicles were based on the railway transportation conditions. In terms of rails, Taiwan relied onforeign imports from 1899 to the mid-1910s. Affected by the WWI and the advancement of ironmaking technology in Japanese, Taiwan's rails switched to imports from Japan. Taiwan Trunk Line adopted narrow gauge, while the Qing’s Railway and the Japan Railway were both narrow gauge. This allowed Taiwan Trunk Line to use Qing’s Railway rolling stock, which also facilitates the mobilization of locomotives between Taiwan and Japan and supports Japanese rolling stock companies. As the transportation volume increases, the number of railway vehicles also increases. However, the long-term backlog problem reflected that the growth of the number of vehicles could not keep up with transportation volume. In addition, the Railway Administration’s factory repeatedly repaired and used old locomotives, it was difficult to thoroughly inspect and repair the rolling stock, which affected the operation of the railway.