以垂直跳動作推估下肢最大肌力

Abstract

前言：肌肉力量是賽場上的重要身體能力，傳統會以深蹲1RM重量作為檢測下肢最大肌力進步的指標。隨科技發展各類儀器也被用於檢測中，雖能得到更多力量相關表現參數，但仍無法解決費時且易受限於器材的缺點，因此似乎需要找到一個更為方便、準確的最大肌力檢測方式。目的：以慣性感測器(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU)蒐集垂直跳躍動作時的加速度，並將其與測力板之地面反作用力訊號界定為各項運動表現特徵參數，以發展下肢最大肌力迴歸方程式。方法：招募13名有重量訓練經驗之健康受試者，將慣性感測器配戴於受試者薦椎，請其在測力板上進行各3次最大努力的反向跳 (Counter Movement Jump, CMJ) 及下蹲跳 (Squat Jump, SJ) ，擷取資料經濾波後將訊號界定為直接、間接參數，以皮爾森積差相關係數表示各參數與實際最大肌力的相關性，再將各參數以逐步迴歸分析，發展下肢最大肌力迴歸方程式。以成對樣本T檢定分析實際值和推估值之間的誤差，並找出較適合推估下肢肌力的跳躍模式。結果:以測力板之CMJ、SJ力量特徵參數推估全體受試者之下肢最大肌力誤差分別約為9~10及13~14公斤、以IMU推估之誤差分別約為11~12及17~18公斤。以測力板之CMJ、SJ運動表現特徵參數推估下肢最大肌力介於1~2倍自身體重之受試者其誤差約為2~3及6公斤，而用IMU僅能以CMJ推估，誤差為4~5公斤。下肢最大肌力於2倍自身體重以上之受試者僅能以測力板之SJ峰值功率推估，誤差約在4公斤。結論:測力板及IMU均能作為推估下肢最大肌力之工具，下肢最大肌力介於1~2倍自身體重之族群適合以CMJ推估，下肢最大肌力於2倍自身體重以上之族群適合以SJ推估。Muscle strength is an important physical ability on the sports field. Traditionally, the 1RM barbell squat test is used as an indicator to detect the maximum muscle strength improvement of the lower limbs. With the development of science and technology, various instruments have also been used in testing. Although more strength-related performance parameters can be obtained, it still cannot solve the shortcomings of time-consuming and easily limited by equipment. Therefore, it seems that a more convenient and accurate maximal muscle mass is needed to be found. force detection method Purpose: Collect the acceleration during vertical jumping with inertial sensors (IMU) and the ground reaction force signal of the force plate, then define it as the sport-related performance parameters, to develop the maximal muscle strength regression equation of the lower limbs.. Method: 13 healthy subjects with weight training experience were recruited, the inertial sensor was worn on the subject's sacrum, and they were asked to perform 3 counter movement jumps (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) with maximum effort on the force plate, the acquired data is filtered and the signal is defined as direct and indirect parameters, the correlation coefficient of Pearson product difference is used to represent the correlation between each parameter and the actual maximum muscle strength, then each parameter was analyzed by stepwise regression, and the regression equation of maximal muscle strength of lower extremity was developed. The error between the actual value and the estimated value was analyzed by paired sample T test, and find out which jumping pattern was more suitable for estimating maximum muscle strength of lower limb. Results: The CMJ and SJ characteristic parameters of force plate were used to estimate the maximum muscle strength of lower limb of all subjects with an error of about 9-10 kg and 13-14 kg, respectively, and the estimated error of the IMU was about 11-12 and 17-18kg. Using the CMJ and SJ characteristic parameters of the force plate to estimate subjects whose maximum muscle strength of the lower limbs between 1- 2 times their body weight, the error is about 2 to 3 and 6 kg. while using IMU can only be estimated by the CMJ. The error is 4~5 kg. Subjects whose maximal lower limb muscle strength is more than 2 times their body weight can only be estimated by the SJ peak power of the force plate, with an error about 4 kg. Conclusion: Both force plates and IMU can be used as tools to estimate the maximum muscle strength of the lower limbs. The group whose maximum muscle strength of the lower limbs is between 1 - 2 times their own body weight is suitable for estimating by CMJ. The group whose maximal lower limb muscle strength is more than 2 times their body weight is suitable for estimating by SJ