台灣產巨蟹蛛科蜘蛛 (蛛形綱:蜘蛛目)之分類研究

Abstract

巨蟹蛛科（Sparassidae）為蜘蛛目的第十一大科，廣泛分布於世界各地。目前全球已知88屬1224種。巨蟹蛛科的蜘蛛具有橫行性的足，足上蹠節與跗節連接處具三葉性膜，跗節上具有一對梳狀爪。本研究檢視國立臺灣師範大學生命科學系館藏標本，並至全台各地採集新鮮材料作為研究之用。採集時以目視法為主，發現蜘蛛後以小型玻璃管捕捉，並以以70%~75%酒精固定保存。保存的標本將使用解剖顯微鏡（Leica M3Z）進行觀察、鑑定以及繪圖測量。本研究結果顯示台灣產巨蟹蛛科蜘蛛共有7屬29種，其中Bhutaniella angustata狹小不丹蛛、B. forcipata鉗不丹蛛、B. taiwanensis臺灣不丹蛛、 Heteropoda bifurcata二叉高腳蛛、H. lanyuensis蘭嶼高腳蛛、Pseudopoda alishanensis阿里山擬高腳蛛、P. beinanensis卑南擬高腳蛛、P. fengshanensis豐山擬高腳蛛、P. hualienensis花蓮擬高腳蛛、P. ilanensis宜蘭擬高腳蛛、P. kaohsiungensis高雄擬高腳蛛、P. nantouensis南投擬高腳蛛、 P. nenggaoensis能高擬高腳蛛、P. pingtungensis屏東擬高腳蛛、P. shanlinshiensis杉林溪擬高腳蛛、Sinopoda taiwanensis臺灣秦高腳蛛、Thelcticopis taiwanensis臺灣賽蛛，共十七種為未描述的新種；而Olios japonicus Jäger& Ono, 2000日本異足蛛為以往未發現的新記錄種；並描述單性種Pseudopoda recta之雄蛛，及Sinopoda expectata之雌蛛；此外Sinopoda forcipata Karsch, 1881及Micrommata sp.為排除種。Family Sparassidae is the eleventh biggest family of Araneae that distributed widely around the world. Up to the present, a total of 88 genera and 1224 species have been recorded. Members of Sparassidae are characterized as having laterigrade legs, a dorsal soft trilobate membrane on legs between metatarsus and tarsus, and two tarsal claws with teeth. In this study, I examined all Sparassidae specimens housed in the Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, and also searched for fresh samples with bare eyes from various localities of Taiwan. Captured spider by using a small glass tube, and preserved it in 70%~75% ethyl alcohol for further study. Alcohol-preserved specimens were drawn and measured under a stereomicroscope (Leica M3Z). The result of present study shows that a total of 7 genera and 29 species of the family Sparassidae were found from Taiwan, including 17 new species: Bhutaniella angustata sp. nov., B. forcipata sp. nov., B. taiwanensis sp. nov., Heteropoda bifurcata sp. nov., H. lanyuensis sp. nov., Pseudopoda alishanensis sp. nov., P. beinanensis sp. nov., P. fengshanensis sp. nov., P. hualienensis sp. nov., P. ilanensis sp. nov., P. kaohsiungensis sp. nov., P. nantouensis sp. nov., P. nenggaoensis sp. nov., P. pingtungensis sp. nov., P. shanlinshiensis sp. nov., Sinpoda taiwanensis sp. nov., Thelcticopis taiwanensis sp. nov.; one newly recorded species Olios japonicus Jäger& Ono, 2000; and described the male of Pseudopoda recta and the female of Sinopoda expectata. Besides, Sinopoda forcipata Karsch, 1881 and Micrommata sp. is excluded from the spider fauna of Taiwan.