優秀職業女子網球賽雙打技戰術分析

Abstract

網球雙打的項目中不只重視全方位的網球技術與戰術的執行，搭檔間的默契配合也相當重要。目前國內許多網球表現分析文獻只有提供技術數據資料，而站位模式還未有數據呈現，雙打選手站位的模式如何轉換是值得關注的內容。目的：本研究探討優秀女子網球雙打比賽技術與站位戰術之使用比率與得分效益，及保發、被破發球局與發球表現之關聯。方法：以影片標記方式，對2016-2019年澳洲網球公開賽及美國網球公開賽八強至決賽之24場比賽共15739筆資料為觀察分析範圍，紀錄發球、接發球、截擊、著地擊球等技術及每拍結果。另外，以三拍為單位紀錄基本型、侵略型、防守型、防轉攻、被迫防守等五種站位戰術的發生次數及使用技術的效果。整理後之數據以卡方適合性考驗及卡方獨立性考驗檢驗各項變數之分佈與變數間之關聯性。結果：使用技術分佈最多為著地擊球最少為截擊，但截擊的得分率最高；保發球一發與ACE次數較高，被破發球局二發及雙發失誤次數較高；站位模式以一前一後分佈最多，雙網前得分率最高、雙底線繼續比賽最多；基本型戰術使用率最高，侵略型得分率最高，防守型與被迫防守繼續比賽最多。綜上所述，本研究了解現役優秀職業女子雙打選手比賽表現趨勢，亦可實務上運用及參考，而對於數據上更精確的定義與其適用的比賽項目層級，仍需後續的研究探討。In tennis doubles, not only the comprehensive tennis skills and tactics are the key to success, the teamwork between partners also plays an important role. Previous studies about tennis performance analysis in Chinese only provided technical data, but paid little attention to the court positioning data. As a result, the issue of the court positions between players in tennis doubles needs to be addressed. Purpose: The present study explored the use ratio and scoring efficiency of skills and court positions tactics about elite women’s tennis doubles competition. Besides, the association between hold or broken games, and the service performance was also investigated. Method: The skills of serve, return, volley, ground stroke and the results of per shot through 15739 data from 24 videos of tennis matches from quarter-final to final about Australian Open and US Open between 2016 to 2019 were recorded. Besides, the number of occurrences about five types of court positioning tactics, which were determined in units of three strokes, including the basic, aggressive, defensive, defense-turning-attack, and forced defense, as well as the effects of skills were also recorded. The chi-squared tests of fitness and the chi-squared tests of independence were used for data analyses. Results: Results showed that ground stroke was used the most and volley was used the least but the latter got more scores. There were more 1st serves and ACEs in the serve-holding games whereas more 2nd serves and double faults were observed in the serve-breaking games. Although the court positions of one up and one back were used the most in the games, it was the two ups that had the highest scoring rate. The court positions of the two backs had the highest rate of rally continuation. For the court positioning tactics, the basic type had the highest rate of occurrence, the aggressive type had the highest scoring rate, and the defense type and forced defense had the highest rally continuation rate. In summary, the results from the present study provide the performance trends of elite professional women’s tennis doubles and may be used as bases for training program in practice. Further research is needed to provide more accurate variable definitions and apply to different match levels.