董仲舒春秋學之義法理論

Abstract

本文以董仲舒春秋學之義法理論為探討對象，旨在闡述「端」、「科」、「指」之實質內涵及由此所引申之道德規範與行為準則。就「端」而言，董仲舒認為《春秋》至意有「二端」，而其內涵則指向「災異」與「人事」，重點在於彰顯天人相應之理。就「科」而言，董仲舒認為《春秋》之意「各止其科」，因其說含攝「援天端」、「明貴賤」、「別絕續」、「立尊卑」、「載賢法」與「近幽隱」等六項，故謂之「六科」。其說意在發遑《春秋》奉天法古與重志、重讓之精神，並緣此建構一以「陽尊陰卑」為主體之政治原則與倫理綱常。就「指」而言，董仲舒認為《春秋》之文「要有十指」；其說含攝安百姓、審得失、正事本、明君臣、著是非、序百官、達仁恩、立教化、次陰陽、行天欲等各個層面，重點在於建立具體的行為法則與規範。

This article aims to explicate Dong Zhongshu's exegesis of the Spring and Autumn Annals by analyzing the “duan” (beginning), “ke” (section), “zhi” (point), focusing on its significance and principles about the moral behavior. According to Dong's interpretation, what constitute the basic spirit of the Spring and Autumn Annals, is embodied in two beginnings, six sections and ten points. This paper first discusses how Dong's interpretation explained the connection between heaven disasters and human affairs (two beginnings) in the light of the correspondence of man and Nature. Consequently, the author proceeds to explore how he constructed the political and ethical theories by following the principle of Ying-Yang in six sections. Finally, the author also expounds on the explanation of ten points in which all the rules and criterions of concrete behavior can be established.