論《孔雀東南飛》的章法結構及其美感

Abstract

〈孔雀東南飛〉是中國第一長詩，產生於東漢末年，作者是無名氏。此詩在思想方面，反映了東漢末年動亂的時代中，人民反抗禮教、追求幸福的願望，深具時代意義；在形式藝術方面，有曲折的情節、鮮明的人物、生動的對話、逼真的描寫，更重要的是在一千七百多字中，有著複雜卻嚴謹的結構，亦即王世貞所謂之「亂而能整」，因此，其章法結構極具分析的價值。本文除了全面分析其章法結構以印證王氏的說法外，更從第一層及第二層章法結構（敘論法、實虛法）來探索詩篇的主旨所在，發現本詩在「顯」的主旨（即反抗禮教的現實主義思想）之下，另有「隱」在篇外的絃外之音（即歌頌堅貞愛情的浪漫主義思想）；同時，嘗試對本詩的章法結構作美學上的詮釋，以見出其章法之美。

“A Peacock Flies towards the Southeast” is the longest narrative poem in Chinese classical literature, composed by an unknown writer at the end of the Tong-Han Dynasty. In content, the poem possesses high value because it reflects the deep people's wish to pursue happiness in the disordered time; in art of form, it involves intricate plot, vivid characters, realistic description, and especially strict structure Which explained as so-called “systemic and completed”. Thus, we attempt to study the complicated structure in the poem and find that: the first level structure (narrate-comment) displays the obvious theme of accusing feudal etiquette, and the second one (abstract-concrete) reveals the hidden theme as eulogizing inflexible love. At last, we annotate the aesthetic of the main structures in the poem in order to show the diverse aesthetic of the structure in the poem.