正體中文版幽默自我效能與認同量表之發展與信、效度研究
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2024
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本研究旨在發展及探討中文版幽默自我效能與認同量表之信、效度，並進一步分析年齡、性別及幽默從業經驗對幽默自我效能與認同之影響。本研究翻譯Silvia等人（2021）編製的幽默自我效能與認同量表短版（Humor Efficacy and Identity Short Scales, HEISS）8題及原始量表其餘的16題，共計24題。以臺灣地區197名大學及研究學生為預試樣本，透過項目分析及探索性因素分析進行刪題及確認正式量表題目，形成24題的正體中文版幽默自我效能與認同量表（Traditional Chinese Version Humor Efficacy and IdentityScales, HEIS-TC）長版，以及8題的HEISS-TC短版。接著以706名各領域在職成人、237名大學生以及42名幽默從業人員為正式樣本進行施測，並且同步施測多向度幽默感、搞笑風格、幽默風格、嘲笑風格、創意自我效能、大五人格暗黑四特質以及玩興等效標測量。據以進行驗證性因素分析、效標關連分析，並比較不同性別、年齡及幽默從業經驗群體之差異。研究結果如下：一、 中文版幽默自我效能與認同量表長版總量表Cronbach's α內部一致性係數為 .962，各向度的Cronbach's α數值介於.920到 .967；短版總量表Cronbach's α內部一致性係數為 .900，各向度的Cronbach's α數值介於.837到 .894。重測信度長版總量表相關為 .974，總量表與各分量表間的相關係數介於.553到 .905，短版量表重測信度相關係數總量表間相關為 .918，各構面與總量表間的相關係數介於 .682到 .824之間，皆為高度正相關，顯示本量表具有良好的內部一致性信度，以及重測信度。
二、 本研究分別以驗證性因素分析瞭解中文版幽默自我效能與認同量表長版及短版之建構效度：模式適配度除χ2外，其他適配性指標均達到標準，每個因素的負荷量均顯著（p < .001），具有良好的結構有效性。而短版量表在建構效度、適配度方面皆優於長版量表，因此本研究採用8題之短版量表作為後續研究量表。
三、 效標關聯效度方面，分為三個效標分類：幽默相關測量的多向度幽默感、搞笑風格、幽默風格與嘲笑風格；「自我效能」相關測量的創意自我效能；幽默特質相關測量的大五人格、暗黑四特質及玩興。整體而言中文版幽默自我效能與認同與多向度幽默感、搞笑風格、創意自我效能及玩興有高度正相關；與幽默風格中的親和型幽默、自我提升型幽默有高度正相關，和自我貶抑型幽默有中低度正相關；與嘲笑風格中的喜被笑有中低度正相關；與暗黑四特質中的自戀有高正相關；與大五人格中的開放性人格、外向性人格有高度的正相關。表示本量表的信度與效度良好。四、 在幽默從業經驗、性別與年齡對幽默自我效能與認同的影響方面，具幽默從業經驗的喜劇工作者不論在幽默自我效能、幽默自我認同皆顯著高於大學生及成人，而一般成人與大學生無顯著差異；性別方面不論是幽默自我效能或是幽默自我認同，男性平均分皆高於女性，並有顯著差異。但年齡與幽默自我效能與認同無顯著相關。研究者最後根據研究結果提出建議，供實務工作及未來研究作為參考。
The present study aims to develop and examine the reliability and validity of the Traditional Chinese version Humor Efficacy and Identity Scales (HEIS-TC), and further analyze the impact of age, gender and humor experience on humor self-efficacy and identification. This study translated 8 questions from the Humor Efficacy and Identity Short Scales (HEISS) compiled by Silvia et al. (2021) and the remaining 16 questions from the original scale, for a total of 24 questions. Taking 197 university and research students in Taiwan as a pre-test sample, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to delete items and confirm the formal scale items, forming a 24-item traditional Chinese version of the Humor Self-Efficacy and Identity Scale (Traditional Chinese Version Humor Efficacy and Identity Scales, HEIS-TC) long version, and the 8-question HEISS-TC. Subsequently, a formal sample consisting of 706 working adults from various fields, 237 university students, and 42 comedians was recruited to participate in the measurement. The Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, comic style maker, Humor Styles Questionnaire, PhoPhiKat-TC Scale, Creative self-efficacy Scale, Big Five Personality Traits, The Short Dark Tetrad and Adult Playfulness Scale equivalent standard measurements are simultaneously measured. Based on this, confirmatory factor analysis and criterion correlation analysis were conducted, and the differences among different gender, age and humor industry experience groups were compared. The research results are as follows:1. The Chinese version of the Humor Self-Efficacy and Identity Scale long version total scale Cronbach's α internal consistency coefficient is .962, Cronbach's α values in each dimension range from .920 to .967; short version total scale Cronbach's α internal consistency The coefficient of correlation is .900, and the Cronbach's α values for each dimension range from .837 to .894. The test-retest reliability of the long version of the total scale is .974. The correlation coefficients between each subscale and the total scale range from .553 to .905. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient of the short version of the scale and the total scale correlation is. 918. The correlation coefficients between each facet and the total scale range from .682 to .824, all of which are highly positive correlations, indicating that this scale has good internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability.2. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to understand the construct validity of the long and short versions of the Chinese version of the Humor Self-Efficacy and Identity Scale: except for χ2, other fitness indicators of the model met the standard, and each factor The loadings are all significant (p< .001), indicating good construct validity. The short version of the scale is superior to the long version of the scale in terms of construct validity and adaptability, so this study uses the 8-question short version of the scale as the scale for subsequent research. 3. In terms of criterion-related validity, it is divided into three criterion categories: Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, comic style maker, Humor Styles Questionnaire, PhoPhiKat-TC Scale for humor-related measurements; Creative self for "self-efficacy" related measurements -efficacy Scale; humor trait-related measures of the Big Five Personality Traits, The Short Dark Tetrad and Adult Playfulness Scale. Overall, the Chinese version of humor self-efficacy and identity are highly positively correlated with the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, comic style maker, Creative self-efficacy and Adult Playfulness Scale; and are highly positively correlated with Affiliative humor and Self-enhancing humor in the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Correlated, with a medium to low positive correlation with Self-defeating humor; with a medium to low positive correlation with Phi in the PhoPhiKat-TC Scale; with a high positive correlation with narcissism in The Short Dark Tetrad; with Openness in the Big Five Personality Traits , Extraversion has a high degree of positive correlation. It indicates that the reliability and validity of this scale are good.4. In terms of the impact of humor experience, gender and age on humor self-identity and efficacy, comedy workers with humor experience have significantly higher humor self-efficacy and humor self-identity than college students and adults, while there is no significant difference between general adults and college students; in terms of gender, whether it is humor self-efficacy or humor self-identity, the average score of men is higher than that of women, and there is a significant difference. However, age was not significantly related to humor self-efficacy and identification.The researcher finally makes suggestions based on the research results for reference in practical work and subsequent research.
The present study aims to develop and examine the reliability and validity of the Traditional Chinese version Humor Efficacy and Identity Scales (HEIS-TC), and further analyze the impact of age, gender and humor experience on humor self-efficacy and identification. This study translated 8 questions from the Humor Efficacy and Identity Short Scales (HEISS) compiled by Silvia et al. (2021) and the remaining 16 questions from the original scale, for a total of 24 questions. Taking 197 university and research students in Taiwan as a pre-test sample, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to delete items and confirm the formal scale items, forming a 24-item traditional Chinese version of the Humor Self-Efficacy and Identity Scale (Traditional Chinese Version Humor Efficacy and Identity Scales, HEIS-TC) long version, and the 8-question HEISS-TC. Subsequently, a formal sample consisting of 706 working adults from various fields, 237 university students, and 42 comedians was recruited to participate in the measurement. The Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, comic style maker, Humor Styles Questionnaire, PhoPhiKat-TC Scale, Creative self-efficacy Scale, Big Five Personality Traits, The Short Dark Tetrad and Adult Playfulness Scale equivalent standard measurements are simultaneously measured. Based on this, confirmatory factor analysis and criterion correlation analysis were conducted, and the differences among different gender, age and humor industry experience groups were compared. The research results are as follows:1. The Chinese version of the Humor Self-Efficacy and Identity Scale long version total scale Cronbach's α internal consistency coefficient is .962, Cronbach's α values in each dimension range from .920 to .967; short version total scale Cronbach's α internal consistency The coefficient of correlation is .900, and the Cronbach's α values for each dimension range from .837 to .894. The test-retest reliability of the long version of the total scale is .974. The correlation coefficients between each subscale and the total scale range from .553 to .905. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient of the short version of the scale and the total scale correlation is. 918. The correlation coefficients between each facet and the total scale range from .682 to .824, all of which are highly positive correlations, indicating that this scale has good internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability.2. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to understand the construct validity of the long and short versions of the Chinese version of the Humor Self-Efficacy and Identity Scale: except for χ2, other fitness indicators of the model met the standard, and each factor The loadings are all significant (p< .001), indicating good construct validity. The short version of the scale is superior to the long version of the scale in terms of construct validity and adaptability, so this study uses the 8-question short version of the scale as the scale for subsequent research. 3. In terms of criterion-related validity, it is divided into three criterion categories: Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, comic style maker, Humor Styles Questionnaire, PhoPhiKat-TC Scale for humor-related measurements; Creative self for "self-efficacy" related measurements -efficacy Scale; humor trait-related measures of the Big Five Personality Traits, The Short Dark Tetrad and Adult Playfulness Scale. Overall, the Chinese version of humor self-efficacy and identity are highly positively correlated with the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, comic style maker, Creative self-efficacy and Adult Playfulness Scale; and are highly positively correlated with Affiliative humor and Self-enhancing humor in the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Correlated, with a medium to low positive correlation with Self-defeating humor; with a medium to low positive correlation with Phi in the PhoPhiKat-TC Scale; with a high positive correlation with narcissism in The Short Dark Tetrad; with Openness in the Big Five Personality Traits , Extraversion has a high degree of positive correlation. It indicates that the reliability and validity of this scale are good.4. In terms of the impact of humor experience, gender and age on humor self-identity and efficacy, comedy workers with humor experience have significantly higher humor self-efficacy and humor self-identity than college students and adults, while there is no significant difference between general adults and college students; in terms of gender, whether it is humor self-efficacy or humor self-identity, the average score of men is higher than that of women, and there is a significant difference. However, age was not significantly related to humor self-efficacy and identification.The researcher finally makes suggestions based on the research results for reference in practical work and subsequent research.
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幽默自我效能, 幽默自我認同, 創意自我效能, 信度, 效度, Humor self-Efficacy, Humor Identity, creative self-efficacy, reliability, validity