人與環境的互動：以下淡水溪大寮地區為例（1918-2020）

Abstract

本論文將研究視角聚焦於下淡水溪，並以右岸的大寮地區為個案，嘗試釐清河川與地方社會百年來的互動過程，以及人群在面對不斷變動的河川環境時，如何發展出相應的聚落樣態、產業活動、土地利用乃至河川治理方式。大寮地區因其地勢及下淡水溪河身的偏移，成為易受洪水侵襲的區域。對此，人群首先選擇聚居於丘陵地附近，雍正年間以後逐漸向近溪埔地擴張，為了在環境不穩定之處開墾，便以搭建臨時性建物——「寮」，作為洪患後能快速重建的應對方式。臨時性的「寮」成為聚落後，則引為地名，所以大寮地區在雍正五年（1727）至清末，便陸續於近溪埔地建立以寮為名之聚落。相較於下游右岸或左岸其他區域的寮，皆非因應洪水而產生，意即大寮地區的「寮」，除了用以開墾之外，更具有適應氾濫洪水的功能。直至日治時期近代化水利工程的介入，讓大寮地區免受洪水影響，更藉由大寮圳的興築改變農業環境，過往依靠雨水的看天田，得以引溪水穩定灌溉轉作水田。然而，1930年代末期開始的各項戰事，讓鳳山丘陵及下淡水溪，在高雄要塞地的防衛思維下，作為抵禦敵軍的軍事防線，從而使河川的戰略地位提升。位處丘陵與河川之間的大寮地區，除了部分土地被徵收，轉為飛行場或練兵場以外，也讓經由水利工程，才得以建立的農業環境及其價值功虧一簣。戰後政府於1970年代推行的工業政策，尤其以重工業、石化工業所產生的工業廢水，使河川環境受到嚴重破壞，政府對河川的治理方式，亦從「灰色工程」，轉變成生態治理的「綠色工程」。但在水資源仍要配合工業需求的前提下，不僅生態治理無法達成，更延伸出水資源被工業「掠奪」的問題，加上近年來受極端氣候影響，造成高屏溪豐、枯水期差異明顯增大，如何穩定供水給大高雄地區，儼然已成為一項難以解決的歷史難題。This study centers on the Shia-tamshui River（下淡水溪）, focusing on the Daliao area（大寮地區） along its right bank to explore the century-long interactions between river dynamics and local communities. It examines how people have adapted to an ever-changing river environment through evolving settlement patterns, land use, agricultural practices, and governance strategies.Due to its low-lying terrain and the river’s shifting course, Daliao was highly prone to flooding. Early settlers initially chose hillside areas, then gradually expanded to riverfront plains after the Yongzheng era. To cope with instability, they built temporary shelters called liao （寮）, which later developed into permanent settlements—giving rise to place names incorporating liao. Unlike other regions where such names were unrelated to flooding, in Daliao, they reflect adaptation to a hazardous environment.During the Japanese colonial period, modern hydraulic projects mitigated flood risks and enabled stable irrigation through the Daliao Canal, transforming rainfed fields into productive paddies. However, from the late 1930s, military developments repurposed much of the area for defense, undermining its agricultural gains.Postwar industrial policies in the 1970s, especially in petrochemical industry, caused river pollution. River management shifted from gray infrastructure to green, ecological approaches, but industrial water demands continued to take precedence. Today, with growing impacts from climate change, especially the widening gap between wet and dry seasons in the Gaoping River（高屏溪） basin, ensuring a stable water supply for Kaohsiung has become an ongoing and unresolved challenge.