不同休閒環境與高齡者成功老化的關係

Abstract

全球人口老化與日俱增，而我國高齡人口亦達到高齡化社會標準；因應此現象，高齡者各方面的需求，都成為社會大眾密切關注的議題。本研究目的在於分析高齡者生活中的休閒環境現況、瞭解高齡者成功老化的狀態、以及瞭解不同休閒環境與高齡者成功老化的關係。在成功老化意涵方面，將分為身體健康、心理與心智健康、以及社會關係促進三方面進行探討；在高齡者的休閒環境層面，則是區分成都市地及鄉村兩地區，探討不同休閒環境社會環境、實質環境、自然環境對高齡者的影響。本研究採用文獻分析法、深度訪談法、非參與式觀察法作為研究方法。研究範圍與訪談對象：以台北縣板橋市作為都市地區的代表，共訪談6位高齡者、5位意見領袖；以台南縣西港鄉作為鄉村地區的代表，共訪談8位高齡者、6位意見領袖。結論：（一）高齡者保持老化三方面的良好狀態，將能達到成功的老化；（二）都會地區與鄉村地區提供殊異的休閒環境；（三）休閒環境影響高齡者從事休閒活動，高齡者透過休閒活動達到成功的老化。研究建議：重視休閒個別環境的提供、高齡者重新審視老化對自己的意涵、鄉村地區提供休閒教育以及更多元的休閒活動給予高齡者，以促進高齡者達到成功老化。

Recently, aging issues had drawn lots attentions in worldwide. Since the elderly had better and health life through participating leisure activities, the purposes of this study were to analysis the leisure environments of the elderly, find out the successful aging state of the elderly, and define the relationship between leisure environments and the elderly. Methods were used in this study included semi-structured interview, non-participant observation, and content analysis. Furthermore, to investigate different environment on the elderly, the study selected Banciao city and Sigang village as the sample of communities. Besides, the study collected 14 elderly people from taking part in leisure activities and 11 leaders from local government as the subjects. The conclusions of the study: 1. Keep the healthy state could promote the elderly reach out the state of successful aging. 2. There were different leisure environments in urban and rural area. 3. The leisure environment had influenced on the elderly for joining leisure activities. Besides, through engaging in leisure activities made the elderly age successfully.