中華民國南海政策之研究：以馬英九時期為例

Abstract

中華民國作為南海主權聲索國之一，南海地區的重要性，除了涉及國家安全與領土主權，更包含經濟發展所需的海洋資源。中華民國在南海問題上面臨許多困境，除了受到中國大陸崛起的威脅，在國際社會上則處於孤立之邊緣處境，這些因素都影響政府對南海的策略選擇及作為。綜觀中華民國的南海政策，國民黨及民進黨兩大政黨在南海政策上雖有共同性，但在主權論述上卻有相當大的歧異，這是由於南海政策取決於各執政黨的國家意識型態和外交戰略關係。因此，自2008年馬英九上任後，在兩岸關係大幅改善下，對南海及太平島之主權維護更甚以往，除了透過軟、硬實力來經營南海島礁，針對南海仲裁案亦展現各種維權行動。 中華民國在南海問題上要突破當前困境，除了尋求參加區域多邊組織及對話協商機制，更要回歸到兩岸關係的本質上，全面性的檢討與制定南海戰略。歷任執政者為因應國內外形勢變化，導致各個時期的南海政策會受到兩岸定位、政黨意識以及當時政治經濟環境之因素影響而有所不同。國民黨政府偏向以U形線範圍作為主張歷史主權之論述，民進黨則試圖切割與中國大陸之歷史連結，著重以臺灣在南海有效佔領之島礁，凸顯出政治因素將會成為影響中華民國南海政策發展的重要變數。As one of the claimants to the South China Sea, the Republic of China focuses on the importance of the region to ensure its national security and territorial sovereignty as well as ocean resources needed for economy. The Republic of China faces many hardships in the South China Sea issue. In addition to the threat posed by the rise of the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China is isolated and marginalized in the international community. All these factors affect the government's strategic choice and actions taken to the South China Sea. In terms of the South China Sea policy of the Republic of China, although the two major political parties, the Kuomintang of China, as known as the KMT, and the Democratic Progressive Party, as known as the DPP, have some similarities in the South China Sea policy, they have quite different views on sovereignty. Especially on the period of the president Ma Ying-jeou, the South China Sea policy is more active than other governors. To break through the current dilemma on the South China Sea issue, the Republic of China should not only seek to participate in regional and multilateral organizations to implement dialogue and consultation mechanisms, but also return to the nature of cross-straits relations as well as comprehensively review and formulate the South China Sea strategy. The KMT government tends to use the U-shaped line as the argument for the claim of historical sovereignty, while the DPP tries to cut the historical link with the People's Republic of China, emphasizing the islands and reefs effectively occupied by Taiwan in the South China Sea. All in all, the political factor will become an important part affecting the development of the Republic of China's policy on the South China Sea.