清代到日治時期高雄地區學田的歷史變遷
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2020-12-??
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國立臺灣師範大學台灣史研究所
Graduate Institute of Taiwan History
Graduate Institute of Taiwan History
Abstract
清朝時期，在今高雄市範圍內有臺南府儒學、安平縣儒學、鳳儀書院等教育機構所屬的大片學田，其中以鳳儀書院的田產最多。日本統治以後，臺灣總督府透過行政調查、土地調查、舊慣調查等一連串的調查，嘗試釐清清代以來公共土地的所有權利關係，再根據其來歷及土地調查權利認定的結果決定土地所有權問題。在數年的摸索之後，明治39年（1906）成立了全島性的學租財團，由臺灣總督府統一管理，大正12年（1923）成立財團法人學租財團，但仍在總督府的管理下運作。 本來管理大量學田的鳳儀書院董事們，在日本統治之後，因戰亂或新制定的法規，失去學租財產的管理權，而於明治30-31年（1897-98）間，試圖取回書院財產，用來再興書院。在再興書院的請願書中，可以看出他們對當時臺灣總督府的教育感到不滿，而希望能拿回原本即用於地方教育的書院財產，來支辦他們理想中的教育。雖然，在總督府的統一化管理政策下，最終沒有成功。但是，此一行動提示了日治初期，臺灣傳統士紳對「公共」以及「教育」的先進思想。
Among the educational institutions in the area of present-day Kaohsiung City during the Qing Dynasty, including the Tainan Prefecture Confucian Institute (臺南府儒學), Anping County Confucian Institute (安平縣儒學), and the Fongyi Academy (鳳儀書院), the estates of the Fongyi Academy were the largest. After the beginning of Japanese rule, the Taiwan Governor-General's Office used administrative surveys, land surveys, and old customs surveys in an attempt to clarify public land rights since the Qing Dynasty, and used the results of these surveys to resolve land ownership issues. After several years of slow progress, in 1906 the Governor-General's Office established an island-wide corporation for the management of educational funds, and in 1923 established a legal foundation for the same purpose, however both were centrally managed by the Governor-General's Office. Previously responsible for administering the large estates of the Academy, the officials of the Fongyi Academy lost their control over educational funds due to the chaos and new regulations of the early Japanese colonial period. In 1897-98 they petitioned to take back the Academy's assets in order to re-establish the Academy. From these documents it is possible to observe their dissatisfaction with the education system of the Governor-General's Office, and their desire to reclaim the Academy's assets originally used for local education and support their own ideal education system.Although the Governor-General's policies of centralized administration ultimately failed, this action prompted Taiwan's traditional gentry to advance their thinking about "public" and "education" in the early period of Japanese rule.
Among the educational institutions in the area of present-day Kaohsiung City during the Qing Dynasty, including the Tainan Prefecture Confucian Institute (臺南府儒學), Anping County Confucian Institute (安平縣儒學), and the Fongyi Academy (鳳儀書院), the estates of the Fongyi Academy were the largest. After the beginning of Japanese rule, the Taiwan Governor-General's Office used administrative surveys, land surveys, and old customs surveys in an attempt to clarify public land rights since the Qing Dynasty, and used the results of these surveys to resolve land ownership issues. After several years of slow progress, in 1906 the Governor-General's Office established an island-wide corporation for the management of educational funds, and in 1923 established a legal foundation for the same purpose, however both were centrally managed by the Governor-General's Office. Previously responsible for administering the large estates of the Academy, the officials of the Fongyi Academy lost their control over educational funds due to the chaos and new regulations of the early Japanese colonial period. In 1897-98 they petitioned to take back the Academy's assets in order to re-establish the Academy. From these documents it is possible to observe their dissatisfaction with the education system of the Governor-General's Office, and their desire to reclaim the Academy's assets originally used for local education and support their own ideal education system.Although the Governor-General's policies of centralized administration ultimately failed, this action prompted Taiwan's traditional gentry to advance their thinking about "public" and "education" in the early period of Japanese rule.