投擲動作發展對排球肩上發球技能學習之影響

Abstract

排球發球以「拋球」及「擺臂擊球」為主要的動作技巧，而過肩投擲的技能類似肩上發球的擺臂擊球動作，在投擲動作發展程度可能為肩上發球表現的影響因素。目的：以優秀排球選手與排球肩上發球初學者之排球肩上發球與投擲動作發展表現探討兩種動作間之關係。方法：招募大專女子特優級選手與肩上發球初學者之女性大專生各十名，皆為慣用右手者。肩上發球初學組進行3週，每週3天，一天30次試作，共270次試作的肩上發球練習。分別對初學者學習前後與優秀選手進行肩上發球測驗與投擲測驗。利用高速攝影機 (300fps) 拍攝參與者之投擲、肩上發球動作，對投擲距離、投擲球速、投擲發展動作以及肩上發球落點、肩上發球球速、肩上發球動作檢核進行測量與評分。結果：兩組的投擲距離、投擲瞬時水平球速、投擲發展動作分數皆呈顯著正相關。初學者的排球肩上發球表現與投擲動作發展程度呈正相關，優秀選手的排球肩上發球表現與投擲動作發展程度則沒有相關性，其於投擲動作表現與投擲動作表現皆顯著優於初學者。對執行動作的人來說，兩種動作在未達充分練習後的穩定階段前，均有相互影響的現象。

The primary techniques of volleyball serve were “tossing the ball” and “swinging the arm to hit the ball”. Overhand throwing skill was similar to the movement of “swinging the arm to hit the ball”. It is possible that the development of throwing plays an influential factor in performing the volleyball overhand serve. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relation between the volleyball overhand serve and the throwing development for the elite and novice volleyball players. Ten females college volleyball Advanced-level players and ten female college students who did not have any volleyball overhand experience were recruited, and all participants were right-handed. The novices practiced volleyball overhand serve 270 trials over 3 weeks. The experts were tested with the overhand serves and the distance throw while the novices were tested with an additional distance throw prior to the beginning of the overhand serves practices. All the test performances were filmed with a high speed camera (300fps). The distance, velocity, and movement forms of throwing and serve were analyzed. The results showed that the throwing distance, ball velocity of throwing, and throwing forms of experts and novices showed significantly positive correlations with one another. The serve performances had significantly positive correlation with the throwing movement forms for novices, but there were no correlation for experts. The performances of throwing and serve for the experts were significantly better than novices. The influence between the throwing and overhand serves continues before the stable patterns of both skills have occurred after the prolonged practices.