北宜地區保生大帝信仰及其傳說

Abstract

摘 要 保生大帝，為臺灣民間信仰重要的神祇之一，俗稱大道公，亦尊稱為吳真人。在臺灣社會民間信仰當中，與天上聖母、福德正神相較，雖然不是最鼎盛的，但全臺主祀保生大帝廟宇的數量統計，戰後至七十年代之間，大約是一百三十座至一百六十座，與其他神明廟宇比較，一直都還排列於前面八、九名，而且分佈於全臺各地。從為數不少的廟宇數量來看，保生大帝在臺灣擁有眾多的信徒，在臺灣民間信仰中也具有一定的影響力。 近年來，中國福建與臺灣學術界對於保生大帝信仰也投入越來越多的研究，不過，所探討的題材大多注重於保生大帝的生平出身、神靈事蹟、濟世精神或是保生大帝在臺灣西南部地區的發展，研究成果導引出保生大帝信仰被定位為福建省同安縣族群的守護神或醫藥神屬性的普遍原則，卻忽略了超越同安籍族群或非定位保生大帝為醫藥神的臺灣其他區域。大臺北地區、宜蘭縣地區對保生大帝信仰的認知，即不適用於族群守護神、醫藥神的情形，超越族群開發的大臺北地區及非同安籍優勢的宜蘭縣地區，移墾較臺灣西部地區的開發時間來得晚，因此北宜地區保生大帝的信仰發展也形成在地性的特有文化， 本文針對北宜地區保生大帝信仰的分佈及其傳說進行整合與分析，冀能以在地鄉土史的角度詮釋保生大帝信仰在北宜地區所形塑的文化特質，並取得下列三項研究成果： （一） 更加完整認識北宜地區的保生大帝信仰 （二） 呈現北臺灣的保生大帝信仰多元的宗教現象 （三） 進一步了解北宜地區保生大帝信仰傳說在地化過程Baosheng Dadi(The Emperor of Life Protection), one of the important gods in Taiwanese religions, was commonly well- known as Dadaogong(the Lord of Morality) and was called Wu Zhenren. Of all the religions in Taiwan, Baosheng Dadi does not have the largest number of religious followers in comparison with Mazu(Maternal Deity) and Earth God, but statistics have shown that there are 130 to 160 temples consecrating Baosheng Dadi from World War II to 1980’s, which stands 8 or 9 in comparison with other gods and the temples spread all over Taiwan. From the number of the temples, we know that Baosheng Dadi has many religious followers and has much influence on Taiwanese religions. Recently, people in the academic area of Fujian Province, PRC and Taiwan have been dedicated to the researches of Baosheng Dadi, but most of them focused on the biography, the miracles, the spirit of saving the world or Baosheng Dadi’s development in the southwestern part of Taiwan. The outcome of the research led to the common principle of regarding Baosheng Dadi as the god of life protection or medicine belonging to the ethnic group of Tongan County of Fujian Province, PRC; however, it ignored Taiwan or other areas that did not regard Baosheng Dadi as the god of medicine. The cognition of the Greater Taipei and Yilan County did not apply to the god of life protection or medicine. People around the Greater Taipei and Yilan immigrated and exploited the land later than those in the western part of Taiwan; therefore, the religion of Baosheng Dadi around the Greater Taipei and Yilan have become its locally specific culture. The thesis is trying to integrate and analyze the distribution of Baosheng Dadi around the Greater Taipei and Yilan and its legends as well. We are expecting to explain the religion of Baosheng Dadi in detail and the cultural trait it has made around the Greater Taipei and Yilan from the aspect of the local village history. The three outcomes gotten are as follows: (A) Know more about the religion of Baosheng Dadi around the Greater Taipei and Yilan. (B) Present the phenomenon of multi-religion of Baosheng Dadi in northern Taiwan. (C) Understand further the process of localization about the religion of Baosheng Dadi around the Greater Taipei and Yilan.