中南半島六國投資環境比較─以塑膠加工產業為例

Abstract

塑膠加工產業在臺灣過去70年來的經濟發展中扮演了重要的角色。不僅供應我們日常生活所需的用品，提升了我們的生活水準及便利性，也創造了大量的就業機會，促進了臺灣的經濟成長，更帶動1980年代對外貿易的榮景。然而自1990年代開始，臺灣的塑膠加工產業面臨了工資成本上揚、環保意識抬頭、土地取得不易，等製造成本高漲的經營困難。臺灣國內塑膠加工製品總產值，於1997年達到3,150億台幣後就逐年下滑，然而塑膠原料的外銷產值卻從1997年的540億臺幣，快速增加至2018年的3,500億臺幣。可見臺灣的塑膠加工產業自1997年後，逐漸外移至中國及東南亞國家。近年來，因中國人力成本逐年增加，加上中美貿易爭端不利製造業的產品出口，許多臺灣的塑膠加工業者考慮將生產基地，從中國移回臺灣或是東南亞國家。位於中南半島東側的越南，擁有優越的地理位置，及相對豐富的勞動力要素，正是吸引臺灣製造業積極投資設廠的有利條件。本研究針對臺灣塑膠加工製造產業的現況，分析比較中南半島六國的投資環境，探討為何越南是未來臺灣加工產業投資設廠的新目標。Plastic manufacturing industries play a critical role during Taiwan economy development in past 70 years. It has not only produced products for our daily life, improve our living quality and convenience, but also created numerous job opportunity. The plastic manufacturing industries enhanced Taiwan economy growth and brought the great prosperity of export trading for Taiwan in 1980s. However, from 1990s, due to the increasing labor cost, raising environmental protective acknowledgment and difficult to acquire land for manufacturing, Taiwan plastic manufacturing industries start to experience raising production cost and operational difficulty. The total production value of the Taiwan plastic manufacturing industries started to decline after the record high of 315 billion NT dollars in 1997. But the total export sales of plastic raw materials growth from 5.4 billion NT in 1997 to 350 billion NT in 2018. Thus, we discover the Taiwan plastic manufacturing industries start moving to China and southeast Asian countries since 1997.In recent years, the labor cast has increased in China and the export sales declined by China-America trade conflict. Many Taiwanese plastic manufacturing industries has considered to move their production facilities from China to Taiwan or other southeast Asian countries. Vietnam, located in east part of Indo-pacific peninsulas, have superior physical location and relatively abounding labor force, which are favor factors to attract investment from Taiwanese manufacturers. This thesis focuseson the current situation of Taiwan plastic manufacturing industries. Analyze and compare the economics of six countries in Indo-Pacific peninsulas. Discuss why Vietnam is the future target for investment of Taiwan manufacturing industries.