晚清詞論中的「詞品與人品」說

Abstract

「文如其人」是中國古代文論的傳統觀點，隨著詞由言情愈來愈朝著抒發個人情志的方向發展，詞學家開始注意作家道德品格對詞作的影響。晚清之前雖已有關於詞品與人品的討論，但其所論較過於簡略，且偏於個別詞家的零量評論。直至晚清，始有詞學家深入討論詞品與人品之間的相關問題，故本文擬以晚清詞學家劉熙載、江順詒、謝章鋌、馮煦、陳廷焯、沈祥龍、況周頤、王國維作為研究對象，探討他們對詞品與人品的不同解釋，冀以得詞論「詞品與人品」說之發展脈絡與實質意義。

"Like poet like poetry"has been a traditional point of view of Chinese ancient literary criticism.Since "tz'u" had been evolving from lyrics to the poets' expressions of their own emotions ideals, the tz'u critics began to notice the influences of the poets' moral and personality on "tz'u" compositions. Even though there were discussions about the relationship between the grades of tz'u and the poet's character, these discussions were either crude, short, or scatteredly limited to only one poet. Until to the late Qing dynasty, the critics started to delve into the relative discussions between the grades of tz'u and the poet's character, Thus, I aim to take the late Qing dynasty critics, Liu xi-zai, Jiang shun-yi, Xie zhang-ting, Feng xu, Chen ting-zhou, Shen xiang-long, Kuang zhou-yi, and Wang guo-wei as my research targets, to discuss about their different explanations for the grades of tz'u and the poet's character. I hope to attain the developing sequence and the virtual meanings of "the degrees of Tz'u and the poet's character" in literary criticism convention.