馬來西亞 rPET 工廠投資選址關鍵因素探討-以 DEMATEL 分析

Abstract

隨著人類科技的發展，環境汙染情況日趨嚴重，對於廣泛使用的塑料，汙染問題尤其明顯，為了解決塑料所造成的環境問題，並減少塑料廢棄物產生，回收再利用是最有效的循環經濟作法。而PET是包裝產業中第三大使用的聚合物，其優異的材料性能使得使用量不斷增加，以目前的技術來說，使用100%的回收PET製造新的PET瓶是可行且成熟的。考量馬來西亞的回收市場仍有相當大的潛力及經濟價值，本研究討論了馬來西亞rPET工廠投資選址關鍵因素探討-以DEMATEL方法分析。研究中透過文獻探討列出一個將消費者所購買的瓶裝飲料空瓶回收後，進行清洗、粉碎，再重新製造成可生產瓶子原料的瓶對瓶rPET工廠投資選址的7個關鍵因素：運輸成本、勞動力成本、群聚效應、原物料來源、環境政策、居民干擾及土地及建築成本，再經由10位專家的問券進行DEMATEL分析並繪製因果圖，分析因果圖所呈現的結果，以中心度來看，群聚效應的重要性最高，影響也最大，其次是土地及建築成本及原物料來源。若是以原因度來看，則是群聚效應的相關性最多，其次則是環境政策。本研究也以個案Y公司在馬來西亞計畫投資一個瓶對瓶的rPET回收工廠的選址方案，使用DEMATEL的分析結果進行選址，並確認選址的核心因素，以將資源投注在最重要的關鍵因素上。另外，為了確認本研究的有效性，我們也安排10位填寫問券的專家對於選址方案進行排序，結果顯示在相同的資訊下，各專家對於選址關鍵因素的重要度排序並無一致性，顯示在7個選址關鍵因素存在因果關係與交互作用的基礎上，每位專家有其不同的見解，這將造成決策上存在風險及不確定性。而透過DELMATEL的方式則可在類似的議題上提供一個客觀的分析作為決策的依據，足以確認本研究可提供企業在馬來西亞rPET工廠投資選址的重要參考。With the advancement of human technology, environmental pollution has become increasingly severe, especially with the widespread use of plastics. The pollution caused by plastics is particularly prominent. To address the environmental problems associated with plastics and reduce plastic waste, recycling and reuse have proven to be the most effective approaches within the circular economy framework. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the third most widely used polymer in the packaging industry, and its excellent material properties have driven its increasing demand. With current technology, producing new PET bottles using 100% recycled PET (rPET) is both feasible and mature.Considering the significant potential and economic value of Malaysia’s recycling market, this study explores the critical factors in the site selection for an rPET factory in Malaysia, using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method for analysis. Through a review of the literature, the study identifies seven key factors for site selection for a bottle-to-bottle rPET recycling plant, which recycles consumer-used beverage bottles into raw materials for new bottle production. These factors are transportation costs, labor costs, agglomeration effects, raw material sources, environmental policies, community interference, and land and building costs. A questionnaire was administered to 10 experts, and DEMATEL analysis was conducted to construct a cause-effect diagram. The results show that, based on centrality, agglomeration effects are the most important and impactful factor, followed by land and building costs and raw material sources. In terms of causality, agglomeration effects are the most relevant, followed by environmental policies.This study also incorporates a case study of Company F’s plan to invest in a bottle-to-bottle rPET recycling plant in Malaysia. Using the DEMATEL analysis results, the study identifies core factors for site selection, enabling the company to allocate resources to the most critical factors.

Additionally, to validate the effectiveness of this study, the 10 experts who completed the questionnaire were asked to rank the site selection plans. The results reveal that, given the same information, there is no consistency in the ranking of the importance of the site selection factors among the experts. This highlights the existence of causal relationships and interactions among the seven critical factors, resulting in decision-making risks and uncertainties. The DEMATEL method, however, provides an objective analysis framework for similar issues and serves as a basis for decision-making. This confirms that the study offers valuable insights for enterprises considering investments in rPET factory site selection in Malaysia.