黑貓的凝視：兒童文學中驚悚情節的過渡與操縱— 以三版《黑貓》譯寫本及其附文本為例

Abstract

在大眾認知的兒童文學讀本中，直接展現出血腥、暴力、精神異常與恐怖的元素往往在第一時間就受到審查或刪除，避開這類恐怖或靈異的元素甚至成了大部兒童文學創作者與出版者間共同的默契。然而，當標榜給「兒童閱讀」的文本，因為原作的故事與劇情的需要，在改寫的過程中需要保留這些內容，這些立足於灰色地帶的作品究竟該用什麼樣的面貌來到讀者的手中。筆者嘗試用成人驚悚文學改寫成兒童讀物的繪本與短篇故事，探討給青少年讀者的文本是否能夠藉由操縱、改寫與附加文本（家長手冊、閱讀引導、注釋與插畫），讓目標受眾（兒童與青少年）在欣賞文學之美的同時，更能享受閱讀的權利。本研究採用質性研究的方式，分別觀察來自三版分別來自英文源文以及日文源文的中文譯本，透過檢視改寫過與非改寫過的源文本之中，四類所謂「兒童不宜」的情節，了解兒童讀物在譯寫過程中是否進行改編或刪減等操縱，以及是否對劇情進行移動或增補；同時也加上對於出版品本身附文本的增補，協助兒童讀者更能夠理解原本為成人設計的情節。透過這樣的研究，筆者希望能夠對於兒童讀物在驚悚與恐怖情節的接受有更進一步的辯證，讓兒童在閱讀的時候不僅能享受文學的樂趣，更能獲得選擇。When it comes to children’s literature, most of them wouldn’t be tied to anything dreadful or macabre. Avoiding such elements seems to become a silent agreement between the publishers and parents when it comes to reading materials for children. However, when texts labeled as"for children" need to be retained in the process of rewriting because of the original story and plot, is it safe to show? The author attempts to adapt adult thriller literature into children's picture books and short stories to explore whether the texts for children's readers can be manipulated, rewritten, and supplemented with additional texts (parent manuals, reading guides, annotation, and pictures) so that the target audience (young adults) can enjoy the beauty of the literature and the right to choose what they would like to read.This study applied qualitative research to observe three Chinese translations from English and Japanese source text and examined the four types of"inappropriate for children" scenarios in the rewritten and non-rewritten source texts to find out whether the children's books were manipulated in the translation process, such as adaptation or deletion, and whether the plots were moved or added to. The author also adds additions to the published paratext to help children's readers better understand the plots originally designed for adults. Through this study, the author hopes to further debate the acceptance of children's books in terms of thriller and horror plots, so that children can not only enjoy literature but also gain choices when reading.