部落原住民族幼兒口語能力與聲韻覺識的關係初探

Abstract

本研究目的是了解部落原住民族幼兒的口語能力與聲韻覺識表現，並探討口語能力與聲韻覺識之間的相關性。研究對象為就讀臺灣北部原住民族地區的公立幼兒園，共20名5至6歲原住民族幼兒。本研究皆以個別施測進行，以標準化測驗測量其詞彙理解能力與非語文智力，透過訪談蒐集其個人生活經驗敘說語料，並使用聲韻覺識工具測量其音節、聲調、尾音及首音覺識能力。研究結果顯示，在口語能力方面，原住民族幼兒的詞彙理解表現略高於常模，敘說之總子句數偏少，敘說之總詞彙數內部差異偏大，且敘說結構大多為二或三個事件敘說與青蛙跳敘說，故事普遍沒有明顯的高潮與結尾。在聲韻覺識方面，原住民族幼兒的音節與尾音覺識表現普遍優於聲調與首音覺識，且尾音與首音覺識有顯著相關。控制年齡與非語文智力後，原住民族幼兒的口語理解及表達皆與音節覺識有顯著相關。最後，本研究亦根據結果提出相關討論與建議。

This study examined the relationship between complex oral language and phonological awareness in 20 tribal aboriginal children. 20 participants between 5 and 6 years of age were from aboriginal regions of northern Taiwan. The test materials assessed were receptive vocabulary, personal narratives, measures of phonological awareness, including syllable, tone, rime and onset awareness, and test of nonverbal intelligence. The results revealed that the scores of receptive vocabulary were mostly above the average of the norm. Regarding personal narratives, the number of clauses were fewer, the number of words differed greatly, the narrative structure were mostly two- or three-event narratives and leapfrog narratives without either a high point or an ending. The performances of syllable and rime awareness were mostly better than tone and onset awareness. Additionally, rime awareness was significantly correlated with onset awareness. Controlling age and nonverbal intelligence, oral language, including word comprehension and narrative discourse, was significantly correlated with syllable awareness. According to the findings, discussions and implications were also included.