台商遊牧式的國際化
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2019
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
台商為了獲得某種利益，而將國際化作為策略使其達成目標。而根據Uppsala理論認為漸進式成長之企業，涉入國際經營活動乃是一個逐步發展的過程。隨著累積的經營知識與經驗的增加，致使廠商對國際經營所認知的風險與不確定性逐漸降低，促使廠商欲控制其經營成果而投入更多的資源，導致進一步的國際涉入。此乃企業國際化漸進程序之本質。（Johanson& Vahlne，1990）且認為國際化成長是自發且持續的，這個過程一但開始便擁有持續進行的動力，隱含資源投入不可轉移性。
而實務上觀察中發現到，台商隨著累積的國際化經營知識與經驗的增加雖移動至不同國家，大多維持一國至兩國的國際化，像是遇到什麼瓶頸而無法如漸進式理論中提到會不停的成長。故常以遊牧民族描述台商，逐水草而居。其特色就是透過找尋可以生存的水草而單點式的移動，哪裡有水草就移居到另一處，甚少定居於一地。以前是西進，現在卻轉移至南進。根據Penrose（1959）之主張，企業成長是一連串發掘剩餘資源與利用資源的歷程，由於資源具不可分割性，唯有當企業擁有剩餘資源時，在不願浪費資源的前提下，才會採行擴張策略以利用剩餘資源，使企業達到成長的目的。故企業是否因具缺乏某些資源而無法漸進式國際化成長，使台商逐水草而居之原因到底為何？使學生好奇而投入研究。
藉由個案研究的方式，探討台灣中小企業「遊牧式國際化」其決策背後之因素。發現非所有製造業都有逐水草而居之特徵。逐水草之企業多為勞力密集或土地需求大之產業，而產業特性為影響投資動因之主要影響因素。並且透過遊牧式與漸進式國際化企業資源之比較得出遊牧式國際化之台商較缺乏具有管理經驗、國際化經驗與資金，造就國際化成長之困難。
According to Uppsala's theory, companies that are gradually growing up are involved in international business activities and are a process of gradual development. With the increase of accumulated business knowledge and experience, the risks and uncertainties that manufacturers are aware of in international operations are gradually reduced, prompting manufacturers to control their business results and invest more resources, leading to further international involvement. This is the essence of the company's internationalization process. (Johanson& Vahlne, 1990) Once this process begins, it has the motivation to continue. But it has been found that Taiwanese businessmen have moved to different countries with the increase of accumulated international management knowledge and experience, and most of them maintain the internationalization of one country to two countries. It cannot be said that it will continue to grow as mentioned in the progressive theory. Therefore, Taiwanese businessmen are often described as nomads. It unique feature isto move through a single point by looking for resources that can survive. When there are resources, it moves to another place, and rarely settles in one place. It used to be westward, but now it has moved to the south. According to Penrose (1959), because resources are indivisible, only when enterprises have surplus resources, will they adopt expansion strategies to utilize surplus resources to make enterprises to achieve the purpose of growth. Therefore, is it because the company is unable to gradually grow internationally because of the lack of certain resources, so what is the reason for Taiwanese businessmen? Make students curious and invest in research. This study focuses on the SMEs of Taiwanese businessmen in Vietnam, and explores the factors behind the decision-making of “Nomadic internationalization” through case studies. It is found that not all manufacturing industries are characterized by “water and grass”. The “Nomadic internationalization” companies are mostly labor-intensive or land-demanding industries. Industrial characteristics are the main influencing factors affecting investment drivers. The comparison of nomadic and progressive internationalized enterprise resources, the nomadic internationalization of Taiwanese businessmen companies lack management experience, international experience and funds. Create difficulties in growing up.
According to Uppsala's theory, companies that are gradually growing up are involved in international business activities and are a process of gradual development. With the increase of accumulated business knowledge and experience, the risks and uncertainties that manufacturers are aware of in international operations are gradually reduced, prompting manufacturers to control their business results and invest more resources, leading to further international involvement. This is the essence of the company's internationalization process. (Johanson& Vahlne, 1990) Once this process begins, it has the motivation to continue. But it has been found that Taiwanese businessmen have moved to different countries with the increase of accumulated international management knowledge and experience, and most of them maintain the internationalization of one country to two countries. It cannot be said that it will continue to grow as mentioned in the progressive theory. Therefore, Taiwanese businessmen are often described as nomads. It unique feature isto move through a single point by looking for resources that can survive. When there are resources, it moves to another place, and rarely settles in one place. It used to be westward, but now it has moved to the south. According to Penrose (1959), because resources are indivisible, only when enterprises have surplus resources, will they adopt expansion strategies to utilize surplus resources to make enterprises to achieve the purpose of growth. Therefore, is it because the company is unable to gradually grow internationally because of the lack of certain resources, so what is the reason for Taiwanese businessmen? Make students curious and invest in research. This study focuses on the SMEs of Taiwanese businessmen in Vietnam, and explores the factors behind the decision-making of “Nomadic internationalization” through case studies. It is found that not all manufacturing industries are characterized by “water and grass”. The “Nomadic internationalization” companies are mostly labor-intensive or land-demanding industries. Industrial characteristics are the main influencing factors affecting investment drivers. The comparison of nomadic and progressive internationalized enterprise resources, the nomadic internationalization of Taiwanese businessmen companies lack management experience, international experience and funds. Create difficulties in growing up.
Description
Keywords
中小企業, 國際化, 企業成長, SMEs, Internationalization, Corporate growth