高齡者規律參與阻力訓練之動機與涉入程度之研究—以雙北銀髮健身據點學員為例

Abstract

臺灣65歲以上高齡者肌少症盛行率達3.9%~7.3%，雖然阻力訓練已被證實可預防與治療肌少症，但據調查，臺灣有58.1%高齡者對肌力活動無意圖，而缺乏動機是影響運動行為的主因。本研究旨在瞭解於運動資源較豐富的雙北地區，規律參與阻力訓練的高齡者之動機與涉入程度，並探討不同背景的差異與相關情形。採問卷調查法，對象為雙北銀髮健身據點之65歲以上學員，以立意抽樣輔以滾雪球抽樣，共回收294份問卷，有效問卷286份。分析使用敘述性統計、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析及皮爾森積差相關分析。結果，人口背景以65~75歲女性、大專學歷、身體狀況良好居多；參與行為多為每週2次、每次31~60分鐘、中等強度、持續6個月以上，同伴為朋友或獨自一人。動機的「體適能/健康管理」與涉入程度的「吸引力」平均值最高，動機與涉入程度呈中、高度正相關。結論如下：(一)受訪者最在乎健康動機、愉悅感和重要性；(二) 動機在訓練的頻率、持續時間及同伴等變項有顯著差異；(三) 涉入程度在教育程度、身體健康狀況、健身據點所在地及運動行為有顯著差異；(四)參與動機越高，涉入程度越高；健康狀況越好，動機越高。本研究建議，健身場館宣傳訴求可強調追求體適能與健康效益，對身體健康狀況佳、與朋友同行者，可加強外表、體重的益處；指導員可鼓勵學員間多互動、每週訓練4次以上，並特別關心身體狀況不佳、持續訓練未滿6個月者。學術上，建議研究對象擴及其他縣市、民營場館、非團課學員，區分「開始動機」與「持續動機」，並輔以質性研究深入瞭解。

The prevalence of sarcopenia among Taiwanese adults aged 65 and above ranged from 3.9% to 7.3%. Although resistance training has been proven effective in preventing and treating sarcopenia, a survey revealed that 58.1% of older adults lacked intention to engage in muscle-strengthening activities, lack of motivation was the primary reason affecting their exercise behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the motivation and involvement levels of older adults regularly participating in resistance training in Taipei and New Taipei City, and explored differences based on different backgrounds. The study employed a questionnaire survey targeting members aged 65 and above attending senior fitness station in Taipei and New Taipei City, using purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. A total of 294 questionnaires were collected, with 286 valid responses. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results showed that the majority of participants were females aged 65 to 75 years, with a college education and good physical condition. Participation behaviors included training twice a week for 31 to 60 minutes each session, at moderate intensity, training for over 6 months, often with friends or alone.The motivation dimension"fitness/health management" and the involvement dimension "attractiveness" had the highest average values, and there was a moderate to high positive correlation between motivation and involvement levels. In conclusion, participants prioritized health motivations and derived joy and importance from them. Training frequency, duration, and companions influenced motivation, while education level, physical health, training location, and exercise behaviors influenced involvement levels. Higher motivation correlated with greater involvement, and better health condition was associated with higher motivation.Practical recommendation include emphasizing the pursuit of fitness and health benefits in promotional appeals, especially targeting those in good health and exercising with friends. In addition, instructor encouraging interaction among students, aiming for training at least 4 times a week, and paying special attention to those with poor health or training for less than 6 months. Suggestions for future research is expanding the scope of study to other cities, private senior gym, and non-group members. Moreover, distinguishing between"initiation motivation" and "maintenance motivation," and conducting qualitative research for deeper insights.