臺灣公立大學教師待遇之研究

Abstract

高等教育對高等人才的培育和競爭力至關重要。此外，大學教育品質深深受到教師素質與设備良窳之影響。然而臺灣目前大學教授之薪資，不僅不及於歐美先進國家，甚至更比鄰近國家之實質薪資還低，臺灣公立大學教師待遇遂成為本文作者欲探討之重點。本研究的研究方法為文件分析法與半結構式訪談，以不同國家(地區)的公立大學教師薪資作為分析基礎，並採用購買力平價指數進行國際比較，以美國、英國、加拿大、香港、澳大利亞與臺灣的公立大學教師整體平均薪資所得與專業領域薪資所得做為比較主軸，以各級教師平均月薪、教師在職總薪資、教師退休金、教師一生所得與教師福利差異等相關指標比較後，獲致如下之結論： 一、整體平均薪資所得結論： (一)臺灣公立大學教師整體平均薪資所得確實較為低廉。 (二)臺灣公立大學各職級教師間整體平均月薪差距並不大。 二、專業領域薪資所得結論： (一)在六個國家(地區)中，只有臺灣公立大學八項專業領域教師薪資所得皆相同。 (二)臺灣各專業領域薪資所得普遍不如美國、加拿大與香港。 三、教師福利結論： (一)教師福利中的生活津貼部分，臺灣並無提供教師的子女在嬰幼兒階段的 補助，也沒有給予搬遷補助與住宿津貼。 (二)教師福利中的休假部分，臺灣提供教師產假最少天，但卻有長達三個月的寒暑假。

Tertiary education is critical to cultivation and competitiveness of senior talents. The quality of university education is highly related to the quality of faculty and facility. However, the current salary of university teachers in Taiwan is relatively lower than not only the developed countries in America and Europe but also its neighboring countries. Therefore, the main focus of this study is the compensation of the public university teacher in Taiwan. This study adopted the purchasing power parity index to compare the salaries in all fields of public university professors in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Hong Kong, Australia and Taiwan. The items compared in the study include the lifetime income and teacher welfare in public universities in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Hong Kong, Australia and Taiwan as subjects of comparison as the comparative principle, the difference of the average monthly incomes at different level teachers, the lifetime working incomes, the pension of teachers and the lifetime income in the professional field and at the overall average salary. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The overall average monthly salary: (1) The overall average monthly salary of teachers in public universities in Taiwan is indeed relatively low. (2) There are no wide variations in the overall average monthly salary scale among different level teachers in public universities in Taiwan. 2. Average monthly salary in the field of expertise: (1) Among the six aforementioned, only teachers of the eight fields from Taiwan’s public universities get paid the same salary. (2) The teachers’ income in various fields of specialization in public universities in Taiwan is generally not as high as the United States, Canada and Hong Kong. 3. Teacher Welfare: (1) In the subsistence allowance component of teachers' benefits, Taiwan does not provide subsidies for infant children of teachers and does not grant allowances for relocation and accommodation. (2) For the leave part of teacher welfare, although the teachers in public universities in Taiwan have a minimum number of days for maternity leave among the six countries (regions), they have winter and summer vacations up to three months. Keywords: Teacher’s compensation