世代差異對臺灣民眾在同性婚姻議題態度之影響

Abstract

近年來，臺灣社會世代差異問題持續發酵，同性婚姻合法化議題隨著大法官釋字第748號解釋以及相關公投案提出後，似乎再度引發一波世代之間的明顯對立。為了解此一世代差異是否存在、及其具體影響為何，本研究透過TEDS2018選舉調查資料以及深度訪談，嘗試針對不同世代對同性婚姻合法化的看法與途徑偏好進行分析。研究結果發現，不僅青年世代比其他世代支持同性婚姻合法化，且越年輕的世代呈現越支持的現象。此外，在同性婚姻合法化的途徑上，青年世代比其他世代更加偏好以修訂民法方式保障同性婚姻，且明顯發現越年輕的世代越偏好以民法的方式保障同性婚姻。在世代價值觀差異方面，青年世代在同性婚姻議題上較為聚焦在制度平等觀念以及人權考量，而中年及老年世代則較傾向從傳統價值的延續以及傳宗接代的觀點出發思考同性婚姻議題。

The political and social divide among generations has intensified in Taiwan during the past decade. Such generational confrontation seemed to once again escalate after the Constitutional Court ruled in favor of same-sex marriage in its Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 748, which immediately ignited a heated social debate and eventually lead to the intense competition between proposals supporting the legalization of same-sex marriage and those opposing it in the 2018 referendum. To understand the generational differences and their impact, this study applied a combination of quantitative analysis of the TEDS2018 survey data and in-depth interviews to investigate the opinions and policy preferences on the legalization of same-sex marriage of people across different generations. The findings based on the quantitative analysis are as follows: fist, the youngest generation is most supportive for the legalization of same-sex marriage; second, the younger the generation, the greater the support for the legalization of same-sex marriage; third, the youngest generation is most supportive for legalizing same-sex marriage through the amendments to the Civil Code; and fourth, the younger the generation, the greater the support for legalizing same-sex marriage through the amendments to the Civil Code. The in-depth interviews further discover important differences in beliefs and values among generations. The result shows that while the youngest generation is more concerned about institutional equality and human rights in the discussion of the same-sex marriage issue, the older generations tend to emphasize the importance of continuing traditional values and family lines.