高齡者參與課程式休閒活動之學習歷程與自我效能增進關係之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解高齡者參與課程式休閒活動與自我效能增進關係之研究，研究時間從2011年1月至3月；研究方法採取半結構式訪談法進行；研究地點與對象選定臺南市西港區之65歲以上高齡者，以2009年12月至2010年2月於臺南市西港區參與課程活動的名單，其課程種類包含手工藝、園藝、法式滾球三項課程，透過電話詢問受訪意願，最後選出共51位受訪者進行訪談，研究結果發現：一、高齡者之學習歷程部分，其需求主要為了維持身體健康、滿足個人喜好與結交朋友，因而產生學習動機，包含運動健身、滿足求知慾及他人邀約；在學習之行為方面，則是樂於活動課程中與同儕或師長進行交流與溝通，最後評估部分，共有23位高齡者在課程結束後仍持續參與該項休閒活動。二、在自我效能部分，高齡者之選擇以日常生活便利取得的活動為主，在表現方面，則是對個人的技能具有一定的信心，積極的協助或教導他人，在持續的部份，則面對問題，繼續參與活動。三、在學習歷程與自我效能增進方面，分為持續型及未持續型：持續型之高齡者在參與課程式休閒活動後，會因其在學習的過程中，擁有熟悉的環境及經驗、身旁朋友的表現、以及親友對高齡者的鼓勵與讚美、透過活動而感到身體放鬆和心情愉快，進而增進對參與活動的信心；未持續型之高齡者受到生理方面之個人記憶力衰退和行動不便、心理方面是失去興趣，在社會方面是缺乏他人邀約、鼓勵、以及合適的資源之影響而中斷參與。 本研究證明透過課程式休閒活動能使增進高齡者之自我效能，根據結果，本研究建議未來能提供高齡者一個交流平台，多以言語鼓勵高齡者，並以高齡者所熟悉的技能或環境為主軸，規劃簡單、實用且資源取得便利之課程式休閒活動。

The purposes of the study were to identify elderly participate in curriculum-style recreational activities and the enhancement of self-efficacy relationship research. The study applied semi-structured interview 51 elders who were above 65 years participating in the handicraft, horticulture, and petanque courses from December 2009 to February 2010 in Sigang District in Taiwan from January 2011 to March. The results showed as following: (1) in learning process, the needs were to keep good health, to satisfy personal preferences, and to make friends; the motives were due to their fitness, the desire for knowledge, and the invitations from others; in learning behavior, elders enjoyed the interaction with peers and teachers; in evaluation process, there were 23 persons continued to participate in the activities when the end of the course; (2) in self-efficacy part, the choice of elderly was the facilitate access to activities of daily living; in performance, the elderly helped and taught others positively with confidence; in persistence, the elderly overcame the difficulties to participate activities; (3) in the elder enhance of self-efficacy among the learning process in curriculum-style recreational activities, the elderly who continued to participated in the activities were due to their learning process with a familiar environment, experience, other’s performance, and the encouragement by friends; others not continued to participated in were due to the loss of personal memory, the lack of invitation, encouragement, and the lack of suitable recourses. This study demonstrated that the elderly self-efficacy can be enhancement through curriculum-style recreational activities, according to the results, the study suggests that those who can provide a platform for elderly to communicate with each others, to encourage the elderly, and to plan curriculum-style recreational activities to get ther resource with practical and convenience.