從林成祖到林本源:清代板橋的族群關係
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2018
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清代稱為枋橋的板橋,在台灣拓墾過程中是屬於相對比較晚開發的地區,但卻保留著許多豐富而且完整的史蹟,這些史蹟的背後,都有著漳、泉、客、平埔各族群在拓墾過程裡競爭與合作的歷史意義。本研究從這些宮廟、學社、水圳的史蹟中有著以下的發現:
一、板橋地區之所以成為漳州人的勢力範圍,乃在於擺接平原開發不易,漳州人林成祖取得擺接社的合作,以其豐富的開圳經驗,成功開闢了貫穿擺接平原全境的大安圳,而大安圳的歷史意義,在於促成擺接平原的水田化,並且吸引同鄉的更多漳州人前來開墾耕作,漸而成為漳州人勢力之地。
二、板橋地區的兩大平埔族群,武朥灣社與擺接社,雖然土地逐漸落入漢人手中,但為了族群生活,而努力的從事農耕與漢文化的學習,固然其族群生命得以延續下去,卻仍不免遭被漢化的命運,現今只有在社區的地方宮廟尚存些許番社訊息。
三、林成祖家族於林爽文事件後,發展逐漸受挫,重商性格的林本源家族以取得大安圳水權為契機入主板橋,兩大家族勢力之交替,也代表著板橋地區由商人集團勢力取代原有的農墾集團勢力。另一方面,林本源家族第二代的強勢風格,將板橋地區帶入了漳泉械鬥的風險之中,但從另一角度而言,卻也成功的抵禦泉州人的入侵。
四、無論是林成祖家族或是林本源家族,皆利用宗教組織確立自己的地方領導地位,更特別的是林本源家族運用宗教組織瓦解舊勢力,以宗教信仰在漳州人內部促成團結,融合客屬族群,向泉州人宿敵尋求和解,可謂運作到極致。
本研究題目定為「從林成祖到林本源:清代板橋的族群關係」,是因為板橋地區的發展先後受到了上述兩大強勢家族的影響,並主導了板橋對外的族群關係。前者主導了原漢關係,後者則與漢人族群內部:漳、泉、客的械鬥與和解息息相關,因此本研究討論兩大家族在板橋勢力的沒落與崛起,也代表著板橋漳州人對其他族群關係所呈現的變化。
Banqiao is known for its rich and complete archives which represent compete and engage fact among four ethnic groups during that time: Zhang Zhou, Quan Zhou, Hakka and Plains aborigine. Based on the archives from temples, societies and cannels, the research shows: First, the reason why Banqiao is dominated by Zhang Zhou is because Lin Chengzu gained the support by Peijtsil to dig the Da`anzhen. Therefore, more and more Zhang Zhou people came to Banqiao for their living. Second, Peijtsil and Pinorowan, two big Plains aborigines in Banqiao, were eventually Chinese localized. And almost nothing left except in local temples. Third, then Lin Chengzu family was replaced by Lin Benyuan family, showing the development of Banqiao was transfer from agriculture to business. Forth, regardless of Lin Chengzu family or Lin Benyuan family, they all made sure their leading roles by using religious groups. The reason why this research pays attention to Lin Chengzu family and Lin Benyuan family is because Banqiao area was deeply influenced by these two families.
Banqiao is known for its rich and complete archives which represent compete and engage fact among four ethnic groups during that time: Zhang Zhou, Quan Zhou, Hakka and Plains aborigine. Based on the archives from temples, societies and cannels, the research shows: First, the reason why Banqiao is dominated by Zhang Zhou is because Lin Chengzu gained the support by Peijtsil to dig the Da`anzhen. Therefore, more and more Zhang Zhou people came to Banqiao for their living. Second, Peijtsil and Pinorowan, two big Plains aborigines in Banqiao, were eventually Chinese localized. And almost nothing left except in local temples. Third, then Lin Chengzu family was replaced by Lin Benyuan family, showing the development of Banqiao was transfer from agriculture to business. Forth, regardless of Lin Chengzu family or Lin Benyuan family, they all made sure their leading roles by using religious groups. The reason why this research pays attention to Lin Chengzu family and Lin Benyuan family is because Banqiao area was deeply influenced by these two families.
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林成祖, 林本源, 板橋, 漳泉械鬥, 族群關係, Lin Chengzu, Lin Benyuan, Banqiao, Zhangzhou Quanzhou Fighting, Ethnic relationship