探討職業男子網球雙打比賽發球與接發球對勝負之影響

Abstract

背景：發球與接發球是最常被拿來討論影響網球比賽結果的變項，但文獻研究對象多以單打項目為主，且雙打與單打的戰術策略也不盡相同，網球男子雙打的發球與接發球對比賽勝負的影響尚未見系統性的研究。目的：探討職業男子雙打比賽中發球與接發球表現對比賽勝負之影響。方法：以2019年美網、溫網、法網及2020年澳網64強至決賽男子雙打選手為研究對象，於官方網站搜集每位選手在每場比賽之相關數據，並利用多變量及單變量變異數分析進行統計檢驗。結果：優勝選手在發球、接發球與致勝球等十多項表現指標均有較好的表現。於不同比賽間，澳網在發球均有較佳表現但接發球表現較差；法網發出的ACE、雙發失誤與一發贏球率皆為最少，在破發點與接發球的表現則為最佳；溫網發球速度較快；美網除了在發球表現較其他公開賽差外，在接發非受迫性失誤與一般擊球非受迫性失誤均有較多失誤。發球方於五拍內有較高的得分比例，且第三拍為雙打中發球方最主要的贏球拍數。結論：男子雙打比賽中發球與接發球的表現的確為影響勝負的關鍵，且發球優勢對得分有相當的影響。此外，不同比賽之間的各項表現指標是存在差異的。建議：未來可就不同層級、不同性別與不同項目等變項進行數據分析；發球優勢細分為一發、二發，更能明確的瞭解一、二發發球優勢之間的差異。

Background: Performances of serves and returns are the most commonly used statistics to relate to the outcome of tennis matches. However, literature on tennis serves and returns covered mainly singles matches although the tactics and strategies of the doubles and singles are not the same. There has been no systematic study on the impact of serve and return on the outcome of matches in men's doubles tennis. Objective: To investigate the performance of service and return on the outcome of professional men’s doubles tennis. Methods: The data from the first round to final match of the men's doubles in 2019 US Open, Wimbledon, French Open and 2020 Australian Open were collected from the respective official websites. The MANOVA and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: The winning players had better performance in more than ten performance indicators that involved service, return, and winner. Among the championships, the Australian Open had a better service performance but not in returning services; there were the least number of aces, double-faults and first-service-won in French Open; the serving speed was the fastest in Wimbledon than the other championships. The service performance in US Open not only had the most double-faults and the least first-service-in among all the championships, there were also more general unforced errors and return errors in US Open. There was a scoring advantage on the serving side under five strokes, and the third stroke was the most important stroke for the serving side to win points. Conclusion: The performance of serving and receiving is the key to win the men's doubles tennis, and there is a considerable serving advantage in men’s doubles. In addition, there were different performance indicators among championships. Suggestions: Future studies may examine the performances of the service and return for different level of matches and different gender of players. The service advantage may be examined separately for the first and the second serve to further differentiate the service advantage of the first serve from the second serve.