國內跳馬優秀運動員個案研究-[Yurchenko]動作為例
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2018
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Abstract
本研究目的針對國內跳馬優秀運動員進行跳馬 Yurchenko 動作技術分析，分析選手直體後空翻動作運動學技術特徵、直體後空翻轉體 360∘動作運動學技術特徵及裁判評分之分數，藉此找到訓練的重點及方向。方法：實驗以高速攝影機 (Casio F1) 拍攝紀錄跳馬優秀運動員實施 Yurchenko 與 Yurchenko 360° 動作表現，運用 Kwon3D 3.0 影像分析軟體系統進行分析各階段時間、重心水平位移、重心垂直位移速度、重心水平速度、重心垂直速度等變相表現，再與裁判評分之扣分進行探討。結果：踏跳階段轉體水平位移 0.56 m、垂直位移 0.3 m距離較長，扣分最多，轉體觸板瞬間重心較低，水度速度 5.6 m/s、垂直速度-0.31 m/s；離板瞬間水平速度為 4.13 m/s、垂直速度為 3.91 m/s；第一飛程時間轉體時間較短 0.367 秒，推撐階段時間平均在 0.3 秒，第一飛程水平位移轉體較短 0.59 m，相對垂直位移較長 0.65 m；撐馬瞬間重心水平速度為 3.19 m/s、重心垂直速度應為 3.13 m/s 。裁判扣分A評審平均扣 0.6 至 0.7 分、B評審平均扣 0.83 至 0.93分。結論：(一) Yurchenko 直體動作特徵：第一飛程階段過長，應加快撐馬速度，需加強推撐力量 (二) Yurchenko 轉體 360 ∘動作特徵：踏跳階段時間0.267 秒，若能縮短時間越短越能能有效的發揮踏板之作用，受試者需加強踺子後手撐馬速度，第一飛程階段重心水平位移 0.69 m、重心垂直位移 0.65 m，推撐階段受試者可縮短位移距離，提升水平速度 3.18 m/s、垂直速度 3.01 m/s，若能增加離馬時速度，提高離馬後高度，對後續動作會有更好的發展 (三) 裁判扣分結果：兩位評審的平均扣分在 0.6 至 0.9 分之間，表示一個好的 Yurchenko 動作技術，實施扣分要在 1 分以內。
The purpose of this research is to analyze the Yurchenko techniques for Chinese excellent vault athletes, as well as learn the players’ action technical characteristics and the scores given by judges, finally figuring out the key points and direction of training. Methods: performs experiments via shooting and recording how the excellent vault athletes play two actions, including Yurchenko and 360° Yurchenko; uses Kwon3D 3.0 image analysis software to analyze the disguised performance of each stage, such as time, horizontal displacement of barycenter, vertical displacement velocity of barycenter, horizontal speed of barycenter, vertical speed of barycenter, etc. Afterwards, the reason the judges deduct scores will be discussed. Results: horizontal displacement of twisting in take-off stage is 0.56 m, and vertical displacement is 0.3 m. Both of the situations are always deducted due to long distance. The barycenter is lower when twisting to touch board flashily, horizontal velocity is 5.6 m/s, vertical velocity is -0.31 m/s; the horizontal velocity when out-of-board flashily is 4.13 m/s, and relevant vertical velocity is 3.91 m/s; twisting time is shorter in first flying distance, which is 0.367 seconds; pushing and pushing-up time is 0.3 seconds averagely. Horizontal displacement of twisting is shorter in first flying distance, which is 0.59 m, relatively the vertical displacement is longer, which is recorded as 0.65 m; horizontal velocity of barycenter when pushing the saddle up is 3.19 m/s, vertical velocity of barycente is 3.13 m/s. Speak of judges deduction, Judge A deducted about 0.6~0.7 points averagely while Judge B deducted about 0.83 ~0.93 points. Conclusion: 1. Straight action characteristics of Yurchenko: the first flying stage is a bit longer. It should accelerate the speed of pushing-up saddle, and give more power to push up; 2. Action characteristics of Yurchenko with twisting 360°: take-off time is 0.267 seconds. If this time could be shortened, then the pedal will be worked better and better when the time becomes shorter and shorter. The subjects shall speed up to finish movement-round-off back hand-pushing-up the saddle. Horizontal displacement of barycenter in first flying stage is 0.69 m, and vertical displacement is 0.65 m. At the pushing-up stage, the subjects can try to shorten the distance of displacement and increase horizontal velocity to 3.18 m/s, and vertical velocity to 3.01 m/s; if the out-of-saddle speed can be increased while lifting the out-of-saddle height, the subsequent actions will be performed better; 3. Deduction result from judges: the average deduction given by two judges is between 0.6 points to 0.9 points, which means implemented deduction for a good Yurchenko action technique should be lower than 1 point. Keywords: artistic gymnastics; vault; Yurchenko
The purpose of this research is to analyze the Yurchenko techniques for Chinese excellent vault athletes, as well as learn the players’ action technical characteristics and the scores given by judges, finally figuring out the key points and direction of training. Methods: performs experiments via shooting and recording how the excellent vault athletes play two actions, including Yurchenko and 360° Yurchenko; uses Kwon3D 3.0 image analysis software to analyze the disguised performance of each stage, such as time, horizontal displacement of barycenter, vertical displacement velocity of barycenter, horizontal speed of barycenter, vertical speed of barycenter, etc. Afterwards, the reason the judges deduct scores will be discussed. Results: horizontal displacement of twisting in take-off stage is 0.56 m, and vertical displacement is 0.3 m. Both of the situations are always deducted due to long distance. The barycenter is lower when twisting to touch board flashily, horizontal velocity is 5.6 m/s, vertical velocity is -0.31 m/s; the horizontal velocity when out-of-board flashily is 4.13 m/s, and relevant vertical velocity is 3.91 m/s; twisting time is shorter in first flying distance, which is 0.367 seconds; pushing and pushing-up time is 0.3 seconds averagely. Horizontal displacement of twisting is shorter in first flying distance, which is 0.59 m, relatively the vertical displacement is longer, which is recorded as 0.65 m; horizontal velocity of barycenter when pushing the saddle up is 3.19 m/s, vertical velocity of barycente is 3.13 m/s. Speak of judges deduction, Judge A deducted about 0.6~0.7 points averagely while Judge B deducted about 0.83 ~0.93 points. Conclusion: 1. Straight action characteristics of Yurchenko: the first flying stage is a bit longer. It should accelerate the speed of pushing-up saddle, and give more power to push up; 2. Action characteristics of Yurchenko with twisting 360°: take-off time is 0.267 seconds. If this time could be shortened, then the pedal will be worked better and better when the time becomes shorter and shorter. The subjects shall speed up to finish movement-round-off back hand-pushing-up the saddle. Horizontal displacement of barycenter in first flying stage is 0.69 m, and vertical displacement is 0.65 m. At the pushing-up stage, the subjects can try to shorten the distance of displacement and increase horizontal velocity to 3.18 m/s, and vertical velocity to 3.01 m/s; if the out-of-saddle speed can be increased while lifting the out-of-saddle height, the subsequent actions will be performed better; 3. Deduction result from judges: the average deduction given by two judges is between 0.6 points to 0.9 points, which means implemented deduction for a good Yurchenko action technique should be lower than 1 point. Keywords: artistic gymnastics; vault; Yurchenko
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Keywords
競技體操, 跳馬, Yurchenko, artistic gymnastics, vault, Yurchenko