步行時下肢肌群推進與支撐之貢獻

Abstract

目的：探討人體下肢各別肌群在步行動作中，如何支撐與加速人體質心。方法：招募一位健康男性施作五次正常步行動作，擷取其動作之運動學、動力學參數與下肢肌群電位訊號，匯入OpenSim模擬軟體建立具有12個肢段、23個關節自由度與92條作用肌的骨骼肌肉模型，利用微擾分析工具，求得各別肌群在單腳支撐期對支撐與加速人體質心之貢獻。結果：單腳支撐期初期，下肢肌群支撐並使人體質心減速，此階段貢獻最大者是股四頭肌與臀大肌；單腳支撐期後期，下肢肌群支撐並推動人體質心向前加速，比目魚肌與腓腸肌貢獻最大。結論：步行動作中，對人體產生支撐、減速與加速作用的下肢肌群，貢獻最大者是：股四頭肌、臀大肌、比目魚肌與腓腸肌。Purpose: To determine how lower extremity muscles contribute to support and accelerate human body during walking. Method: A musculoskeletal model (12 segments, 23 degree of freedom, 92 actuators) was modified for a healthy adult male by using OpenSim software. The time history of muscle activation during walking was deducted and used for perturbation analysis. Muscle force generated by each actuator was perturbed to see how single muscle contributes to the acceleration of human body's center of mass. Results: During the early part of single support phase, lower extremity muscles support and decelerate human body, quadriceps femoris and gluteus maximus are the major contributors. During the latter part of single support phase, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles are the major contributors for supporting and accelerating human body. Conclusion: Among the vast variety of lower extremity muscle groups, quadriceps femoris, gluteus maximus, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles are the four major contributors to acceleration of human body’s center of mass.