高強度間歇運動與中強度耐力運動對大腦與肌肉氧飽和度之影響

Abstract

目的：探討高強度間歇運動 (high intensity interval exercise, HIIE) 與中強度耐力運動 (moderate intensity endurance exercise, MIEE) 對大腦與肌肉氧飽和度之影響。方法：本研究共招募12位男性大學生，實施遞增負荷運動測驗以判定最大攝氧量。間隔48小時後，受試者需以隨機平衡次序方式進行HIIE (6趟30秒溫蓋特衝刺，5分鐘動態恢復) 及MIEE (第1換氣閥值的強度，持續60分鐘) 。以近紅外線光譜儀測量左、右前額葉與肌肉的氧飽和度。結果：MIEE的腦部含氧血紅素 (oxyhemoglobin, O2Hb) (右：4.94 ± 1.07; 左：5.00 ± 1.42 µmol ) 顯著高於HIIE的第1趟 (右：2.25 ± 0.99；左：2.30 ± 1.18 µmol) (p< .05) 。腦部去氧含氧血紅素差 (O2Hb difference, DiffHb) 的部分，MIEE的腦部DiffHb (右：3.84 ± 1.05；左：4.32 ± 1.09 µmol) 顯著高於第1趟 (右：1.96 ± 1.04；左：1.94 ± 1.16 µmol) (p < .05) 。除此之外，HIIE後段衝刺的腦部O2Hb與DiffHb皆顯著高於前段 (p < .05) 。肌肉O2Hb的部分，MIEE (-9.10 ± 7.17 µmol) 分別顯著高於HIIE (從第1趟到第6趟分別為：-19.33 ± 5.92；-19.09 ± 5.52；-18.67 ± 5.55；-18.74 ± 5.53；-18.73 ± 5.84；-18.94 ± 6.01 µmol) (p < .05) 。肌肉DiffHb的部分，MIEE (-26.27 ± 11.63 µmol) 顯著高於HIIE (從第1趟到第6趟分別為：-41.21 ± 12.17；-42.46 ± 12.23；-41.76 ± 12.15；-41.08 ± 12.29；-40.39 ± 12.38；-40.02± 12.98 µmol) 。結論：相較於MIEE，僅在HIIE初期發現較低的腦部氧飽和度。這可能是由於人體在HIIE中，啟動的保護機制，使大腦得以優先使用氧氣。Purpose: To investigate the effects of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate intensity endurance exercise (MIEE) on cerebral and muscular oxygenation. Methods: Twelve collegiate male students voluntarily participated in this study. During the first visit, participants performed a graded exercise test to determine the maximal oxygen uptake. After 48 hours, participants performed the HIIE (6 × 30-s Wingate sprints with 5-min active recovery) and MIEE (intensity at 1st ventilatory threshold for 60-min), in a randomized counter-balance order. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the oxygenation in right (R) and left (L) prefrontal cortex and quadriceps. Results: The cerebral oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) at MIEE (R: 4.94 ± 1.07; L: 5.00 ± 1.42 µmol) was significantly higher than that at 1st sprint (R: 2.25 ± 0.99; L: 2.30 ± 1.18 µmol) (p< .05). The cerebral O2Hb difference (DiffHb) at MIEE (R: 3.8 ± 1.05; L: 4.32 ± 1.09 µmol) was significantly higher than that at 1st sprint (R: 1.96 ± 1.04; L: 1.94 ± 1.16 µmol) (p < .05). Moreover, the cerebral O2Hb and DiffHb at the second period were significantly higher than those at the first period of HIIE. The muscular O2Hb at MIEE (-9.10 ± 7.17 µmol) was significantly higher than those at HIIE (from sprint 1 to 6 were -19.33 ± 5.92, -19.09 ± 5.52, -18.67 ± 5.55, -18.74 ± 5.53, -18.73 ± 5.84, and -18.94 ± 6.01 µmol) (p< .05). The muscular DiffHb at MIEE (-26.27 ± 11.63 µmol) was significantly higher than those at HIIE (from sprint 1 to 6 were -41.21 ± 12.17, -42.46 ± 12.23, -41.76 ± 12.15, -41.08 ± 12.29, -40.39 ± 12.38, and -40.02 ± 12.98 µmol) (p < .05). Conclusions: Lower cerebral oxygenation was only found at the first period of HIIE while comparing with the MIEE. Therefore, the brain might have a higher priority of oxygen uptake due to a protective mechanism during the HIIE.