戰後語言轉換時期的翻譯──以《臺灣新生報》副刊《橋》為例

Abstract

由於統治政權改易，台灣在百餘年間，便經歷兩次激烈、人為的官方語言改換。語言作為傳遞與反映意識形態的工具，成為統治者建立民族想像、塑造文化的基礎，因此無論是日本政府或國民政府，都致力推動語言相關的教育、宣傳、文化政策，乃至禁令。《臺灣新生報》在日治時期原名《臺灣日日新報》，是臺灣總督府官營媒體，戰後初期由國民政府接收並易名，仍然具有官報性質，其文學副刊《橋》於1947年8月至1949年4月間不定期連載，共發行223期。其中將楊逵、葉石濤、邱媽寅等等本省作家以日文寫作之作品譯為中文刊載者不在少數，另也刊載討論台灣文學定位及發展的專論文章，並舉行茶會等活動，促進作家文人交流。與較為樣板化、具有強制性質的官方語言政策相較，《橋》副刊的討論更直接面對當時台灣社會多種語言文化並存的狀態。本研究由翻譯角度出發，以《橋》副刊為研究主體，觀察翻譯活動在戰後初期台灣面臨激烈的語言政策轉變時，扮演何種角色，具有怎樣的功能，從事翻譯的譯者語言養成背景為何，對翻譯有什麼樣的想像與實踐。期望透過單一刊物的翻譯觀察，窺見戰後初期語言轉換時的翻譯現象。Due to change of the ruling regime, Taiwan has been through changes of the official language twice within a century, which were implemented fiercely by the governors. Language, as a tool to promote a certain ideology, became a critical foundation for the governors to build their national and cultural imagination. Therefore, both Japanese and the Nationalist Government put much effort on language-related policies. Taiwan Shin Sheng Daily News has been the official gazette of Japanese regime, and in the early post-war period, it became the official gazette of the Nationalist Government. Its literary supplement Bridge, which serialized between August of 1947 and April of 1949, translated many works of several Taiwanese writers such as Yang Kui, Yeh Shih-Tao and Chiu Ma-Yin from Japanese into Chinese. The Bridge also published essays discussing the position and development of Taiwanese literature as well, and the editor of it even held tea parties and conferences to encourage the communications of Taiwanese writers. Compared to the rigid policies of the Nationalist Government that emphasized a single language and culture, the discussions and activities of the Bridge revealed a more realistic picture of Taiwan, where different cultures and languages exists altogether. This essay aims to examine The Bridge from the perspective of translation, examining how translation activities function in the early post-war period of Taiwan, when writers underwent severe language policy changes. Also, the study intends to explore the identity of the translators of these works and how their translation is done, in order to provide a more comprehensive view of how translation was exercised during the change of the official language.