回望福爾摩沙：十九世紀來臺西方人旅行書寫在臺灣的譯介

Abstract

本研究旨在爬梳十九世紀來臺西方人旅行書寫在臺灣的譯介脈絡。1860年臺灣開港通商，吸引海關官員、傳教士、博物學者、探險家、商人等外籍人士前來，留下航行錄、日誌、隨筆、書信等一手紀錄。這些文獻在二十世紀中葉以後陸續在臺灣譯入中文，可概分為兩個翻譯階段，第一階段為二戰後至解嚴前（1945-1987），此時期的譯作大多由黨公營機構出版，以臺灣銀行經濟研究室為主力。1970年代後，由於政府在戒嚴時期頒布多項法令管制出版，與臺灣相關的書籍出版沉寂了一段時間，直到1987年解嚴後，本土意識抬頭，臺灣研究漸成顯學，第二階段的譯介（1988-2012）就此展開，除了賦予舊本新譯外，亦有首次譯入中文的新文獻。十九世紀正值西方殖民主義與資本主義發展的全盛期，來臺西方人的旅行書寫多半帶有政治與經濟目的，遊歷心得並非文本重點，而是提供詳實的地理環境與人類活動紀錄，供既得利益者參考。百年前西方人眼中的福爾摩沙，如何透過翻譯移植到中文世界？文本功能又有何轉變？本文整理歷來譯介書目，並從贊助者、譯者、準文本、專有名詞還原翻譯、文本改寫、譯本價值等角度切入，勾勒兩譯介階段概況，試圖分析文本如何從「為帝國服務的書寫」轉變成第一階段譯介「統治者的參考書」以及第二階段譯介「瞭解自身的史料、強化臺灣意識的讀物」。

This study focuses on translations of the 19th century Western travel writing on Formosa between 1945 and 2012. In 1860, the opening of treaty ports in Taiwan drew plenty of Western visitors, who produced numerous travel narratives documenting their journeys. Yet it was not until the second half of the 20th century that Mandarin Chinese translation of these historical records emerged in Taiwan. They can be roughly divided into two periods. During the first period (1945-1987), translation works were limited and mostly published by government agencies, the most prominent of which was the Division of Economic Research of the Bank of Taiwan. Because of publication regulations and strict censorship under martial law, translations of 19th century Western travel writing ground to a halt after the 1970s. Only when martial law was lifted in 1987 did the second period (1988-2012) start. Since the 1990s, with the rise of “Taiwanese consciousness,” Taiwan studies have been attached great importance. Not only were previous works re-translated, but translations of several newly discovered records started to circulate in Taiwan as well. This study tries to outline how this genre was introduced to Taiwan from the perspectives of patrons, translators, paratext, rewriting and the value of the translations as a whole, and aims to explore how these texts, originally serving the interests of the empires, evolved into reference books for the ruling regime during the first period and even became a window onto the modern history of Taiwan in the second period, further enhancing Taiwanese consciousness.