「祖」成一個家-從家庭系統看外祖母參與自閉症兒童之教養
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2020
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Abstract
祖父母參與教養的家庭日益增加,其孫輩在學校呈現的樣貌不 盡相同。雖已有文獻探究祖父母參與教養對兒童可能產生生理、學 業及心理的影響,但卻較少文獻深入探討祖父母參與身心障礙兒童 之教養經驗。因此,本研究採用個案研究的方式,選定一位與女 兒、孫子女同住之外祖母之家庭,透過觀察及訪談,從家庭系統的 觀點,探討外祖母參與身心障礙兒童的教養的經驗,其中包括家庭 功能、家庭互動以及家庭成員。本研究發現,外祖母參與身心障礙 兒童的教養,讓家庭功能重新變得完整,且在協調後找到明確的家 庭分工與角色自覺,改善家庭的互動。此外,個案家庭中,家庭成 員的個人特質會影響到其他次系統的互動。若從身心障礙家庭的觀 點出發也可以發現,個案家庭中家庭功能與互動常以身心障礙兒童 為主要考量,且外祖母對障礙的理解會影響家庭成員的教養方式。
根據研究結果,研究者提出對教育實務現場及未來研究之相關 建議。在實務工作方面,建議教育工作者需從不同家庭成員的角度 出發,去理解整個家庭,而非只是看孩子的本身;當家庭互動出現 問題時,可以檢視家庭分工與家庭角色自覺;家庭成員可將障礙的 知識或知能,分享給其他家庭成員。在未來研究的部分,建議可以 用不同的研究方法及研究參與者(例如:不同性別),也可以使用更 多元的方式蒐集身心障礙兒童對外祖母參與教養之感受。
The number of families with grandparents participate in parenting is increasing, and the outcomes of their grandchildren in school is different. Although there were literature exploring physical, academic and psychological effects of grandparents' parenting on children, there were very few studies exploring experience of grandparents parenting children with disabilities. Therefore, this study took a case study approach. The researcher recruit a family with a grandmother living with her daughter and two grandchildren in which one was a child with Autism. Through observation and interviews, the grandmother’s experience parenting a child with disabilities was explored from the perspective of the family system, including family function, family interaction and family characteristic. This study found that the participation of grandmothers in parenting a child with Autism supplemented the of family functions after the divorce of the mother, and a clear family division of labor and role awareness improved family interaction. In addition, the personal characteristics of family members impacted interaction of other sub-systems. From the perspective the family who with disability, the child with disability remained the primary consideration in family functions and family interactions. Additionally grandmothers’ perspectives toward disability influenced the whole family gently. Finally, based on the results of the study, the researcher offered implications ii practice and research. Educators need to understand the entire family from perspectives of different family members, rather than just look at the children, they can examine division of labor. In addition to relying on professionals, family members can also share information with other family members. Future researchers, may collect data from children with disabilities and participants with diverse genders.
The number of families with grandparents participate in parenting is increasing, and the outcomes of their grandchildren in school is different. Although there were literature exploring physical, academic and psychological effects of grandparents' parenting on children, there were very few studies exploring experience of grandparents parenting children with disabilities. Therefore, this study took a case study approach. The researcher recruit a family with a grandmother living with her daughter and two grandchildren in which one was a child with Autism. Through observation and interviews, the grandmother’s experience parenting a child with disabilities was explored from the perspective of the family system, including family function, family interaction and family characteristic. This study found that the participation of grandmothers in parenting a child with Autism supplemented the of family functions after the divorce of the mother, and a clear family division of labor and role awareness improved family interaction. In addition, the personal characteristics of family members impacted interaction of other sub-systems. From the perspective the family who with disability, the child with disability remained the primary consideration in family functions and family interactions. Additionally grandmothers’ perspectives toward disability influenced the whole family gently. Finally, based on the results of the study, the researcher offered implications ii practice and research. Educators need to understand the entire family from perspectives of different family members, rather than just look at the children, they can examine division of labor. In addition to relying on professionals, family members can also share information with other family members. Future researchers, may collect data from children with disabilities and participants with diverse genders.
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祖母參與教養, 家庭系統, 身心障礙兒童家庭, grandmother’s parenting, family system, children with disabilities